Removal of the polyp in the stomach: preparation for surgery and rehabilitation

Gastric polyp( ICD-10 code: D13.1) is a seal of a certain size, which refers to benign neoplasms. It grows from mucosal tissues and can reach considerable dimensions, especially if one does not conduct timely treatment.

The peculiarity of the disease

The quality of human life largely depends on the condition of internal organs. The stomach performs a very important role in the digestive system and does not always provoke the appearance of unpleasant sensations, even in the presence of serious diseases. However, the insidiousness of this situation lies in the fact that in the absence of severe symptoms, pathologies can quickly develop and lead to complications. Such processes include neoplasms in the mucous membrane of the digestive system.

According to the ICD-10 code, the polyp of the stomach is designated D 13.1 and represents an uncontrolled proliferation of cells on the mucosa. This new growth can be round, oval or mushroom. It is benign in nature and consists of epithelial tissue, but with improper treatment, malnutrition, alcohol abuse, and other provoking factors, it can degenerate into a malignant form.

Classification of

Classification of polyps largely depends on what kind of tissues were involved in their formation. They are divided according to the threat of rebirth, as well as the location of localization. So, in the area of ​​location, the following new formations are distinguished:

• hyperplastic;
• is inflammatory;
• hypertrophic;
• is hyperplasia.

Polyps can be adenomatous or glandular.

Hyperplastic type is a tumor on a wide base, which occurs as a result of the inflammatory and infectious processes in the body. This is the most common type, which almost never degenerates into a malignant tumor.

Adenomatous type differs in that it often becomes malignant, therefore, it is important to carry out the operation in a timely manner. To provoke the appearance of a tumor can be a hormonal disorder, poor nutrition, taking some medications.

The glandular polyp is very rare, does not show itself for a long time and the functioning of the digestive system does not change at all. But despite the absence of symptoms, neoplasm can very quickly develop into a malignant tumor.

Causes of

The causes of polyps in the stomach are not fully understood, and therefore they are especially dangerous. Physicians identify a number of factors that affect the occurrence of neoplasms:

• inflammatory processes;
• presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
• hereditary predisposition.

In addition, some medical drugs, persistent stressful situations and malnutrition can trigger the onset of the pathological process.

The main symptoms of

Symptoms and treatment of polyps in the stomach can be very different - it all depends on the nature of the course of the disease. At its initial stages, the symptomatology is poorly expressed, which greatly complicates the diagnosis. And in some cases such signs can appear:

• aching pain in the pancreas;
• poor digestibility of food;
• acute pain in the stomach;
• bad breath;
• appearance of blood in the stool;
• alternation of diarrhea and constipation.

Due to the fact that the symptoms and treatment of polyps in the stomach largely depend on the stage of the disease, it is very dangerous to wait for the appearance of the first manifestations, as the consequences can be quite disappointing.

Diagnosis of

Types of polyp diagnostics include a questioning of the patient about the presence of hereditary diseases and complaints, an endoscopic examination of internal organs, a laboratory study. Based on the results obtained, the cause of the disease is established.

One of the most harmless and safe methods of study is endoscopy, and if necessary, ultrasound is additionally prescribed. This method of research helps to determine the depth of the germination of the polyp into the gastric mucosa. The advantage of it is the ability to visually distinguish between benign and malignant neoplasms.

When the removal of

is required Sometimes, when a neoplasm develops, a very vivid clinical picture is observed. So, when it is jammed, there may be a sharp pain in the epigastric region, giving off to other departments. In this case, urgent examination and well-chosen treatment are required.

Based on the results of the study, the question of removal of the polyp in the stomach is solved. There are certain indications for surgical intervention:

• if, in the absence of clinical manifestations, the polyp is hyperplastic;
• in the absence of clinical manifestations, neoplasm adenomatous;
• there is a significant symptom;
• observed a rapid growth of neoplasm, as well as a change in its shape.

The need to remove polyps in the stomach is decided strictly individually for each patient. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the neoplasms and the overall well-being of the patient.

Methods for removing

The danger of a tumor is, as already mentioned, that it can eventually develop into a malignant tumor. That is why timely diagnosis, competent therapy or polyp removal in the stomach is required.

Initially used medicamentous method of treatment. It involves the use of drugs that envelop the walls of the stomach, as well as biologically active additives that help stimulate digestion. In addition, the use of drugs that help to eliminate the inflammatory process is required.

If prolonged drug treatment did not bring any results, then the polyp is removed in the stomach. It is carried out using two main technologies:

• endoscopic;
• complete surgical intervention.

The first is used in case you need to remove single neoplasms and when damage to the mucosa is negligible. In especially severe cases, an open surgical procedure is prescribed, as well as excision of several parts of the stomach.

Endoscopic removal of

The operation to remove polyps in the stomach is performed using endoscopic techniques, which include:

• excision endoscopic;
• electrical coagulation;
• polypectomy.

Endoscopic excision involves the use of a loop to perform a tumor capture at the very base, and then passing an electric current through it. Then cut and moxibustion is performed. If the neoplasm is large enough, then this technique is not applied or the polyp is removed in several parts.

Electrical coagulation implies the application of current. Special forceps are brought to the neoplasm and a current is connected. There is heating of tissues and gradual evaporation. This method is suitable for the removal of small tumors whose diameter is less than 1 cm.

Polypectomy refers to the mechanical removal of the tumor. For this, a loop and other tools are used. The danger of the technique lies in the fact that there is a risk of hemorrhage, as there is no cauterization of the tissues.

A great advantage of these methods is simplicity, minimal preparation for removal of the stomach polyp, lack of anesthesia, and a minimal risk of complications. After carrying out manipulations, the patient spends no more than 2 hours in the hospital.

Laser removal of

Removal of polyps in the stomach by laser is considered the safest and most gentle method. It is used for excision of all varieties of benign neoplasms. The laser tip is placed in the endoscope, and then the polyp is evaporated layer by layer.

During the treatment there is a strict control regulating the depth of laser therapy, due to which very good results are achieved. After this, the vessels are sealed, which prevents hemorrhage. The final restoration occurs in about 10 days.

To disadvantages can be attributed only to the high price of removal of the polyp in the stomach by the laser. The cost of the procedure is approximately 7000 rubles. In addition, special techniques and skills of the doctor are required.

Surgical intervention

If there are large tumors or complications, an open surgical procedure is performed. Such an operation can provoke many complications and is prescribed only in the most extreme cases.

Many people are concerned about how long the removal of the stomach polyp lasts and what consequences may occur during the surgical intervention. By the time the operation can last about 1-1.5 hours.

With significant damage to the stomach, resection of a certain part of this organ is carried out together with polyposis formation. This method is prescribed with a strong growth of polyps, their pinching or when the neoplasm passes into the stage of a malignant tumor. In this case, resection becomes the only way to save the patient's life.

The choice of method for removing polyps depends not only on their size, but also on the number and type of legs on which they are attached. Important in this case is the peculiarity of the change in the stomach mucosa and the presence of accompanying pathologies.

When a biopsy of

is required During the endoscopy, a tissue sample is taken for analysis. This is required for biopsy, which refers to a very important histological examination.

Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded from which layer of the gastric mucosa tissue proliferation occurred. If epithelial cells were found, the polyp refers to the hyperplastic type, is benign neoplasms, and it is possible not to carry out the removal, but to use medicamentous therapy.

If cells of glandular tissue are found, in any case removal is required, since it is possible to degenerate into a cancerous tumor.

Compliance with diet after treatment

An important role in the rapid recovery of the gastric mucosa is nutrition. This will help ease the digestive system. Diet after removal of the polyp in the stomach implies the use of the patient only warm and preferably grinded food. Too hot or cold dishes can lead to even more irritation of the inflamed mucosa and aggravate the situation.

Be sure to follow the rules of fractional power. The intake of food should be uniform throughout the day, so that there is no feeling of hunger. The interval between meals should be about 3-4 hours. In addition, you need to reduce the size of the portion, since this will not overload the digestive tract.

After excision of polyps, you need to consume protein dishes, because they contain a lot of amino acids required for building tissues and cells, as well as restoring the immune system. It is necessary to refuse coffee, alcoholic beverages, as well as foods that irritate the mucous. In addition, you should not consume food that provokes the active functioning of the digestive system.

Complications of

treatment With complete excision of neoplasms, the prognosis is quite favorable, but there is a high probability of recurrence of tumors. There may be unpleasant consequences of removing the polyp in the stomach.

So, if anesthesia was used during excision, problems related to respiratory disorders may appear. Very rarely, bleeding occurs, which is observed mainly during the endoscopic removal of polyps. It is also possible to increase the temperature and the presence of painful sensations. With a significant deterioration in the state of health, you should immediately consult a doctor.