Glucose to the child - features of application, norms and indications

Glucose to a child, especially the first days of life, is prescribed quite often. What is the reason for this? To begin with, glucose is a very valuable source of nutrition, which is also easily absorbed by the body. It is necessary for some babies, since it is able to increase the energy reserves of crumbs in a significant amount.

To whom is it shown? Who is contraindicated? At what problems does the child need glucose? Do not exaggerate the role of this organic compound pediatricians? We will try to answer all of these questions in this article.

Glucose

Let's start with the very experience with glucose. What is it? This compound is also called grape sugar, and it is considered the most common source of energy in all living organisms of our planet. Where did this name come from? The thing is that glucose can be found in the juice of many berries and fruits, including grapes.

Who loved chemistry and biology, he must know that some compounds our body is able to split into glucose and fructose. This list includes:

• cellulose;
• starch;
• glycogen;
• maltose;
• lactose;
• sucrose.

To this we can add that the described substance is the main product of photosynthesis. Energy is necessary for the realization of metabolic processes, and glucose is a universal source of it.

In animals this compound is found in the form of glycogen, and in plants - as starch. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose, it forms the basis of the cell membrane in plants. Animal glucose helps to overwinter. As an example, let us consider the wintering of frogs. During the cold snap in their blood, the level of grape sugar increases, and due to this the frog can easily survive the frost in the ice.

In our pharmacies you can find both a liquid solution and tablets with this compound. It should be noted that glucose in ampoules is given to children much more often than in the form of tablets.

Now we propose to proceed to the issue of indications and contraindications to the taking of these drugs.

Indications and contraindications

So, is it possible to give a baby glucose, and when is it needed? Indications for admission are the following cases:

• vitamin deficiency;
• hypovitaminosis;
• pregnancy;
• lactation period;
• acute shortage of glucose;
• period of intensive growth;
• convalescence;
• increased physical activity.

May prescribe glucose to a one-year-old child, a baby of the first days of life or an adult. At the same time, the attending physician should make sure that there are no barriers to taking this medication. In the list below you can see all possible contraindications:

• diabetes;
• hyperglycemia;
• glucosuria;
• hypersensitivity to the drug component( this applies to glucose in tablets);
• thrombophlebitis;
• susceptibility to thrombosis.

In addition, it is necessary to know that glucose in the form of tablets is not recommended for children under six years of age. If a person has diabetes mellitus or a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, then it should be taken only after consultation of the attending physician, and only if he agrees to this type of treatment.

Blood sugar

A solution of glucose for children, as well as for adults, is prescribed only after a blood test. In this section of the article we will talk about the norm of sugar in the blood in adults and children.

Surely everyone has heard that you need to regularly carry out a blood test for sugar. Although this is a common name, it is not entirely true.

The fact that in the Middle Ages, doctors believed that increased thirst, frequent urination, purulent infections - this is all the result of excess of the blood sugar in humans. But in our time, doctors are sure that it is completely absent there, as all simple sugars are converted into glucose.

Thus, when talking about sugar in the blood, they mean exactly the concentration of glucose, which plays a big role in the metabolism and supplies energy to all tissues and organs. In the table below you will see the norm of sugar in the blood of an adult.

Indicator	Normal in a person with diabetes	Normal in a healthy person
Fasting( mmol / L)	From 5 to 7.2	From 3.9 to 5
After an hour after eating( mmol / l)	Up to 10	Up to 5.5
Glycated hemoglobin( %)	No more than 7	From 4.6 to 5.4

The following table shows the glucose concentration in a child from the first days of life to eleven.

Age	Norm( mmol / L)
Up to the year	2,8-4,4
1-5	3,3-5
6 and over	3,3-5,5

What determines the level of glucose concentrationin the blood of a child? The most obvious factors are:

• power;
• work of the digestive tract;
• effect of hormones and so on.

The fact that this indicator can fall below the norm is affected by the following reasons:

• fasting;
• the child drinks a little water;
• is a chronic disease;
• pathology of the digestive tract;
• of the nervous system;
• arsenic poisoning.

And indicators above the norm are provoked:

• by diabetes mellitus;
• incorrect implementation of the analysis( eating before blood sampling, overstrain both physical and nervous, etc.);
• with thyroid disease;
• by pancreatic tumor;
• obesity;
• long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs.

What are the consequences?

A sharp increase in blood sugar, as well as a drop in this indicator, can be bad for the baby's health. What are the symptoms of glucose breakdown? If there is a shortage, the following is observed:

• increased activity;
• anxiety;
• desire to eat sweet;
• intense sweating;
• dizziness;
• pallor of the skin;
• fainting.

All these symptoms immediately disappear if you give the baby something sweet or inject glucose intravenously. Danger of these conditions is that they are able to degenerate into a hypoglycemic coma, which in turn can lead to the death of the patient.

Symptoms of elevated blood sugar in a child include:

• weakness;
• headache;
• cold limbs;
• dry mouth;
• strong thirst;
• skin itching;
• digestive problems.

To the problem of high or low blood sugar is worth treating very carefully. A prolonged disruption of its level leads to a deterioration in brain function. That is why later in the article you will learn how much to give the baby glucose, how to give it and in what cases.

Pay attention to the fact that if the blood is analyzed for sugar, the doctor must repeat the test to exclude the error in the laboratory. If the result is the same in the two analyzes, then the probability of the test is incorrect. If the blood glucose level is at the lowest or highest level of the norm, then an additional study is also carried out. Distort the test results can experience, strong physical exertion or a recent illness.

Glucose for newborns

Now we will discuss in detail the questions: is it possible for glucose to children, why is it needed and how to give it? As already mentioned earlier, pediatricians prescribe glucose for children quite often and for various reasons. Grape sugar is a source of energy for the whole organism, which is very easily absorbed even by infants of the first days of life. We list the situations when glucose is prescribed for newborns:

• prematurity;
• problems with breastfeeding( glucose is able to replace the baby's nutrition);
• of jaundice;
• asphyxia( the child receives nutrition during the resuscitation activities);
• birth injury to the back and head.

In the latter case, the nervous system suffers from crumbs, and for recovery and recovery, glucose is simply necessary. It is worthwhile immediately to draw the parents' attention to the fact that the level of sugar concentration in the blood of the baby falls sharply at birth. After an hour and a half doctors take a blood test to make sure that it is restored. If this does not happen, the doctor necessarily prescribes glucose.

For newborn babies a special 5% solution is produced, which is either injected intravenously or added to the food. We will talk about it in more detail in the next section.

How to give glucose to the baby of the first days of life?

In medical institutions glucose solution is usually administered to the child intravenously, through a probe or added to a bottle of baby food. What to do if the glucose was prescribed to the baby at home? Moms say that it is rather difficult to give a drink to the baby's solution because of the luscious taste.

Use some tips that will make it easier for you and the baby:

1. Dilute the solution with water 1: 1, sweet water will surely appeal to crumbs.
2. Drink a solution between meals, because after a sweet vodichki it is likely that the baby will refuse to eat.
3. Divide the entire dose into small portions.
4. After taking the baby, hold the baby upright so that there is no regurgitation.

Jaundice

Jaundice in newborn babies is a fairly common phenomenon. Statistics say that every third baby is born with this diagnosis. The yellow shade of the skin and mucous membranes appears as a result of increased levels of bilirubin in the blood. This state appears on the second or third day after the birth of the crumbs and lasts no more than ten days.

Pediatricians often prescribe a glucose solution, but it is not able to reduce the level of bilirubin in the blood. The solution prevents intoxication. The best medicine and prevention measure is frequent application to the breast.

Glucose in tablets

And why is glucose prescribed in tablets for children? The instruction says that it is needed in the following cases:

• when intoxication;
• is dehydration;
• collapse;
• shock;
• hepatitis;
• of liver dystrophy, etc.

This preparation is produced in blisters of 10 pieces, each tablet contains 50 mg of active ingredient. The drug also has contraindications, which include: diabetes mellitus, hyperlactacidemia, heart failure, hyponatremia, cerebral or pulmonary edema.

Application features and dosage

If you are going to take glucose in the form of tablets, then it is recommended to drink one hour before meals. In this case, you need to calculate the individual dosage: not more than 300 mg per kilogram of weight. It will be better if the dosage is calculated by the attending physician.

When administered intravenously( by drip or by jet method), the attending physician must independently calculate the dose based on the weight of the child. It should not exceed these figures:

• if the child weighs up to 10 kg, then per day he should get 100 ml for each kilogram of weight;
• if the child's weight varies from 10 to 20 kg, then per day he needs 1000 milliliters plus 50 milliliters for each kilogram over 10;
• if the child's weight is more than 20 kg, then to 1.5 thousand milliliters it is necessary to add 20 ml for each kilogram of weight over 20( daily rate).

Overdose

Glucose to the child can not do much harm if taken correctly. In overdose, patients complain of the following symptoms:

• headache;
• excitability;
• insomnia;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea.

It is also necessary to know that when an overdose of glucose with ascorbic acid develops gastritis, ulcers on the mucous membranes of the intestine and stomach are formed. In urine, you can find an increased level of oxalate salts, which form stones in the kidneys. Also, the permeability of capillaries decreases, which leads to a deterioration in the supply of tissues.

Side effects of

We list the side effects that can be expected if the child is given glucose. These include: allergic reactions, damage to the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, suppression of insulin production, fever, acute left ventricular failure, pain and bruising with intravenous administration.