Neurohumoral regulation

The vital activity of any organism should take place in strict accordance with the surrounding conditions. For this, it is necessary to perceive, assimilate, correctly process and respond to signals from the external environment. In this case, the whole body must work as a unit, the organs of which function in an orderly and coordinated manner.

For the orderliness and consistency of functions, the neurohumoral system is responsible in the body. It affects the systems and organs separately, exercising control over all life processes in the body. Thus, the integrity of the organism is preserved.

Neurohumoral regulation is the form of control in which substances and nerve impulses carried by lymph and blood are links in a single process.

The functional state of the central nervous system is influenced by active chemicals circulating in the blood. So, for example, hormonal formation in the glands of internal secretion and its spread into the blood occurs under the influence of the control of the nervous system.

Neurohumoral regulation is an integral part of the process of maintaining the internal constancy of the body and balancing it with the external environment. She also has an important role in the processes of independent balancing of physiological functions( automatic maintenance of strictly constant level of processes and constants in the body).Neurohumoral regulation combines humoral and neural mechanisms, thus providing a more perfect form of equilibration than each of them separately. The humoral link contributes to long-term regulatory influences. By means of a nervous link, rapid interaction between different sites is provided.

Neurohumoral regulation of body functions is performed in two ways. The first method refers to the direct action of hormones or metabolic products in the tissues of the central nervous system. This changes the excitability of nerve cells. For example, carbon dioxide in the blood acts on the cells of the respiratory system, and the irritation of cells in the food system is carried out by the chemical composition of the blood. Neurohumoral regulation is also carried out by the action of various substances carried by the body with the help of blood to the special receptors of the internal organs. They begin to react to changes in the chemical composition and osmotic pressure of liquids. So, for example, together with the cells of the respiratory system, the chemoreceptors of the vascular walls react to a change in the content of carbon dioxide in the blood.

A large number of specific and nonspecific metabolic products participate in the neurohumoral regulation. These include gastrointestinal and tissue hormones, histamine, hypothalamic neurohormones, a wide range of oligopeptides, prostaglandins. Through the blood flow, they spread throughout the body. However, they cause specific reactions only in the "resultant organs" when they enter into a connection with their receptors.

The state of nervous and humoral systems in the body is determined by the level of biologically active products in secretions and liquid media. At the same time, radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry, histochemistry, and ultrastructural analysis are widely used. The constant change in the quantitative and qualitative relationships of biologically active products reflects and determines the reactivity and tone of both the central and peripheral parts of the nervous system, and also determines the vital activity of the whole organism as a whole. The dynamics of regulatory processes depends, mainly, on external stimuli and on the needs of the organism.