Functions, scheme, tasks and structure of a children's polyclinic

Parents often have to deal with various diseases in their baby, which, alas, accompany him during the entire period of growing up, and therefore an inevitable and frequent event for them is a visit to the doctors of the children's polyclinic. The structure and organizational system of this institution, however, is not transparent and understandable for everyone, and therefore in this article we will deal with this issue. Also find out what the procedure for contacting district pediatricians, and what is the scope of their responsibility.

Definition of medical institution

So, what is a children's polyclinic? The tasks, structure and features of this outpatient and prophylactic unit of the public health system assume the provision of assistance to children from birth until they reach adulthood.

At the same time, the main work should be directed not at treating the child in fact, but on preventing his illnesses and timely dispensary. The structure of the children's polyclinic does not allow for active manipulation of patients. There is a greater provision for diagnostic and counseling. In some cases outpatient treatment in a polyclinic is also possible if the scheme prescribed by the doctor allows the provision of medical and other types of care in a day hospital and does not require round-the-clock monitoring of the patient.

Functions of the polyclinic

The main function of this institution is to serve patients who do not need urgent hospitalization. At the same time, the provision of services by medical personnel occurs not only in the conditions of a children's polyclinic. The structure of the institution guarantees the departure of pediatricians and nursing home attendants.

Also in the list of functions is the organization of preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence among children. This can be achieved in various ways:

• establishing a system of periodic scheduled examinations of patients of all age groups. At the same time, special attention is paid to babies for up to a year;
• popularization of a healthy lifestyle among children, timely anti-epidemic measures;
• must be mass immunized against infectious diseases in accordance with WHO standards and regulations.

The structure of a children's polyclinic assumes the presence in the staff of its employees of specialized specialists capable of providing primary consulting and diagnostic assistance to patients. Without fail, this is a surgeon, orthopedist, neurologist, otorhinolaryngologist and ophthalmologist. For large polyclinics of the 1st category, a cardiologist, infectious disease specialist, dentist, psychologist, speech therapist and other specialists are also assigned.

In addition, the functional duties of medical personnel employed in children's polyclinics, suggest the establishment of a system of activities aimed at preparing children for admission to schools and kindergartens.

Objectives of the

institution In addition to direct treatment of patients and carrying out preventive measures among children, polyclinic services work to give clinico-expert opinions. It is in this institution that an examination of the disability of children and adolescents( temporary and stable) is conducted.

No less important task is the competent registration of statistical, accounting and reporting documentation. At the moment, a certain area is assigned to each polyclinic. Pediatricians, in charge of the territory entrusted to them, are obliged to monitor the situation with the physical and mental development of children from their area, keep records of the patients at risk.

What other services can the patient's pediatric clinic provide to patients? The structure, tasks and principles of the work of each institution directly depend on the category assigned to it. We will discuss this in more detail later.

Divisions by categories

Children's polyclinics are divided into five categories. This division depends on the number of patients to whom a particular medical institution provides its services. In large cities, these are predominantly polyclinics of the 1st and 2nd categories, which can take up to 800 or 700 patients per day, respectively. At the same time, the structure and organization of the first category pediatric polyclinic falls on the shoulders of 50-70 doctors, and the smaller institution in the state can hold up to 50 physician posts.

Such polyclinics are often very well equipped and have in their structure additional services:

• physiotherapy room and exercise room;
• massage room;
• dental office;
• clinical laboratory, including an X-ray room;
• is a unit working in the direction of psychological rehabilitation of children.

Small polyclinics of the 4th and 3rd category can receive up to 500 patients a day, no more than forty doctors are involved in their staff. The least workload is in institutions of the 5th category( up to 150 people come here).Most often, these are polyclinics located in small settlements, such medical facilities have a small staff, which are mainly represented by specialists in general practice( pediatrician or family doctor).

Organizational structure of the work of the children's polyclinic

. Regardless of its category, the children's polyclinic must comply with generally accepted state regulations. The structure of the described medical institution consists of such departments:

• Management of the polyclinic( chief physician).The administrative and economic part of the medical facility is also subject to this.
• Information department, which includes a registry and a method book.
• Pediatric department, engaged in medical and preventive activities( district pediatricians, the office of a healthy child, inoculation, procedural).
• Department of counseling and diagnostics( offices of specialized specialists, facilities where patients are given diagnostic measures, physical procedures).
• Laboratory.
• Emergency room.
• Cabinet for work with school and preschool educational institutions.
• Day hospital.

If we consider an outpatient clinic for adults and a children's polyclinic, there is a significant difference between them. What is the structure of the children's polyclinic? The scheme of the premise presupposes the creation of two separate entrances to the medical institution so that healthy and sick children do not contact each other.

Medical staff

The pediatricians make up the basis of employees of any children's polyclinic. According to the regulations, about 800 patients are accounted for by one specialist. In practice, this number is much higher due to the insufficient number of qualified specialists( especially in small towns and villages).

During one admission hour the pediatrician should examine an average of 6 people;The time that a specialist can give to each patient is not more than 15 minutes. And when going to the house for one patient, he can spend a maximum of 30 minutes. During the examination, the doctor's workload increases, so, in one hour, he needs to release seven children.

The civilian schedule for one district pediatrician's rate is 1.5 nursing rates. Employees from among the average medical staff conduct a reception together with doctors, conduct procedures in manipulation rooms. Patronage nurses travel to newborn children to provide counseling to young mothers and to register infants.

The structure and tasks of the children's polyclinic have a serious focus on the provision of medical services to children of the first year of life. Before the performance of the baby, the pediatrician and the nurse come to him weekly( alternately) 24 days in a row. This measure helps to reduce morbidity and mortality among newborns.

Providing specialized assistance to

The number of specialists in a narrow specialization directly depends on the category of the polyclinic. About their functional responsibilities, we now talk in more detail. At the age of one month, every child is to be examined by such physicians as a neurologist, surgeon, orthopedist and ophthalmologist. These specialists help at an early age to identify possible problems with the health of the baby, including a lag in mental and physical development.

The pediatrician can also refer the child to the cardiologist, ENT, hematologist, dermatologist, infectionist, endocrinologist or gastroenterologist. Before the examination of narrow specialists, the child will need to conduct a comprehensive examination, the direction of which gives the district pediatrician. It includes blood tests, urine, feces, x-rays, ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and neurosonography.

Not always the structure and functions of a children's polyclinic allow to do all these manipulations on the basis of one institution, therefore doctors can give a permit to a district or city children's hospital.

Immunization of children

Mass vaccination of the population against certain infectious diseases is one of the main tasks of medical institutions. The procedure for vaccination is simple and transparent. First of all, the pediatrician should examine his patient and make a conclusion about his state of health. A healthy child who does not have a reason to get a vaccine from a vaccine is given a vaccine. Manipulation is carried out in a special office.

The structure of the inoculum in the children's polyclinic is a detached service in view of the fact that work has been organized on the supply, storage and use of accountable drugs. In this room the necessary air temperature is maintained, special equipment is provided.

Manipulation and day hospital

In the conditions of a children's polyclinic, children are not only available with consulting and diagnostic help, but also medical treatment and rehabilitation procedures:

• balneotherapy;
• mud therapy;
• water procedures;
• LFK, therapeutic massage;
• UHF, tube, inhalation, heating with paraffin, etc.

All these procedures are performed only after the appointment of a doctor. Junior and average medical personnel can not conduct manipulations with the patient, based on their own decisions.

Work at home

The structure and organization of the children's polyclinic allows visits to patients at home. Departures pediatricians produce according to the schedule, each on its own site. Calling a doctor at home is done by phone through the registry.

At the same time the doctor can examine the child not only at the primary stage of the disease. Repeated treatment is possible if the patient does not feel better or his condition worsened. Registration of the documentation( prescription, referral to tests, ultrasound or radiography, access to a specialist) at home is also possible.

Age of wards of children's polyclinic

You can contact a children's polyclinic from birth to the age of 18.At the same time, help is provided here also to pregnant women who have a diagnosis of intrauterine growth complications of the fetus. A visit to the district pediatrician is also planned for expectant mothers of quite healthy babies. A pediatrician should conduct explanatory work with the expectant mother in the future on how to care for the newborn, and advise her on the issues of natural feeding.

When a child reaches adulthood, a district pediatrician transfers his patient to a family doctor or therapist, prepares all the necessary medical documentation for this process.