The phenomenon of Arthus: manifestation, symptoms, treatment
Allergic reactions of the human body to any irritating factors( otherwise called allergens) are not the same. It's about allergic reactions like the Artyus-Sakharov phenomenon.
The manifestation of the allergy
The phenomenon of Arthus is a local reaction characterized by a sharp acceleration of the inflammatory process in response to the influence of any stimuli. They are also called gluteal reactions, they are formed at the site of administration of the drug. At the phenomenon of Artyus-Sakharov immune complexes are formed, consisting of proteins. They adversely affect the body, deposited on the walls of small vessels - capillaries, and causing an allergic process.
The reaction may occur as soon as two days, and a month after the administration of the drug. On average this happens on the eighth-ninth day.
The degree of tissue damage depends on two factors: the nature of the drug administered and on how long it has affected the human body. If the contact was short-lived, then the treatment passes quickly. And if it was prolonged, tissue destruction and other complications can occur.
For the presence of allergies of this type indicates the following: the emergence of necrosis( a pathological process of tissue death), intense reactions around it, the rapid formation of a capsule around the focus of inflammation, the formation of granulomas.
Causes and symptoms of
The abovementioned immune complexes can be formed after the administration of the following medicines: vitamins, antibiotics( antimicrobial agents), serums( used as vaccines), insulin( a hormone used in diabetes mellitus).
In the phenomenon of Arthus, the patient may complain of increased soreness with injections;itching, burning at the injection site;there are densities, swelling and redness of the skin, vividly manifested hyperemia( blood vessels overflow).There are infiltrates( fluid), which can be increased upon reintroduction of the allergen. Necrosis of tissues is observed, in particular cases - anaphylactic shock.
Diagnosis and treatment of
When making a diagnosis, patient complaints, data on the transferred diseases and intolerance of some drugs or their components( history of life data) are taken into account. The presence of high temperature and the rapid development of the inflammatory process for the Arthus phenomenon is not characteristic. Operative treatment is not carried out.
The administration of the drug that caused the allergic process is canceled. After this, glucocorticosteroids are prescribed, which are analogues of adrenal hormones. The drug reduces inflammation, reduces the manifestation of symptoms such as soreness and swelling. Also, patients may be prescribed antihistamines. They, like glucocorticosteroids, reduce inflammation, but have less effect.
Possible complications of
If you do not refuse to take the substance, in place of granulomas( small nodules), fistulas( heavily healing channels) may form. Immune complexes continue to form( proteins and foreign agents, which include fungi, bacteria, viruses).There is an anaphylactic shock, in which various internal organs are involved. Manifestation is a severe allergic reaction, which can lead to death. In patients, changes in the activity of the cardiovascular system, decrease in pressure, loss of consciousness are observed.
To avoid the repeated allergic reaction of Arthus' phenomenon, it is necessary to refuse the introduction of this substance, as well as from any other drugs belonging to the same group of drugs as the drug that caused this type of allergy.