"Suxamethonium chloride": a description of the substance, side effects and responses
In medical practice, a number of drugs are used, for example, to bring the patient's body into the condition required for surgical intervention. Certain procedures require artificially provoked absolute muscle relaxation. To this end, often use the drug "Suxamethonium chloride"( trade name of the drug - "Listone").This drug is mostly used in specialized medical institutions. What is the essence of its pharmacological action? Is it dangerous to use the drug in question? What should be prepared when using the substance "Suxamethonium chloride"?The description of the preparation and some features of its application will be discussed later in this article.
Composition of
The main active substance of the drug in question is suxamethonium chloride. Also in the composition of the drug are such auxiliary components as sodium chloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt( Trilon B), or disodium edetate, as well as water for injection.
Form
"Suxamethonium chloride", as a rule, is manufactured by manufacturers in the form of a solution( for both intramuscular and intravenous administration).
The drug under consideration is a depolarizing muscle relaxant. Its action is short-lived. Effective components of the drug effectively block neuromuscular transmission.
Muscle relaxation is always the same in sequence, which must be taken into account by medical personnel. So, it starts with the muscles of the eyelids, further affects the chewing muscles and muscles of the fingers, eyes and all limbs. Then the muscle relaxation reaches the neck area, the muscles of the back, abdomen and vocal cords relax. The last react to the action of the drug intercostal muscles and diaphragm.
If the medicine was administered intramuscularly, then it will begin to act after two to four minutes, and if intravenously - after a minute. The maximum relaxation of muscles occurs three minutes after the administration of the drug. This action lasts for five to ten minutes, depending on the dose of the substance.
The drug is evenly distributed in blood plasma and extracellular fluid a short time after the administration of the solution( under the condition of intravenous administration).About ninety percent of the substance is hydrolyzed, transforming into choline or succinic acid. Provided that the concentration of cholinesterase in the blood is kept at a sufficient level, the half-life of the drug is only ninety seconds. The substance is fully excreted by the kidneys( including ten percent - unchanged).
Indications for use
This drug is used in cases where it is required to perform an intervention that requires complete relaxation of the muscles. Such conditions include bronchoscopy, endoscopy, abdominal operations, repositioning of fractures, directing of dislocations, and endotracheal intubation.
Method of application
The substance "Suxamethonium chloride" can be administered intramuscularly and intravenously( both drip and jet).For this method of use, 0.1% solution of the substance is used. The working dose in which suksamethonium chloride and iodide is used is assigned individually by a specialist in accordance with the individual characteristics of the particular patient and, as a rule, varies between 0.1 and 2 milligrams per kilogram for intravenous administration, and from 3 to 4 micrograms for intramuscular injectionkilogram. In general, for the course of treatment, the total amount of the administered substance should not exceed one hundred and fifty micrograms.
Contraindications
Some patients should never be given the drug "Suxamethonium chloride".Instructions for use of this medication report the following contraindications to the use of the drug: individual hypersensitivity to any constituent components of the drug, myasthenia gravis, bronchial asthma, angle-closure glaucoma, pulmonary edema, hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia, acute hepatic insufficiency, congenital and dystrophic myotonia, deficiencycholinesterase, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mechanical eye trauma. It is also forbidden to use the drug under consideration for children under one year of age and for women during childbearing or breastfeeding.
Side effects of
In rare cases, "Suxamethonium chloride"( injection solution) can cause a number of unpleasant symptoms and manifestations from various body systems. Various types of allergic reactions( for example, bronchospasm and anaphylactic shock), paralysis of the respiratory muscles( arises in the event that there are genetic disorders of the formation of serum cholinesterase), arrhythmia, myalgia, fever, bradycardia, hyperkalemia, hypersalivation, cardiogenic shock,decrease in blood pressure, conduction disorders, increased intraocular pressure. To avoid the aforementioned problems, it is important to adhere to the recommendations regarding the use of the drug "Suxamethonium chloride".Medication analogs( at least some of them) have a much smaller number of side effects. Therefore, sometimes it would be reasonable to apply to them.
Overdose of
In the event of an unintentional or deliberate excess of the recommended dose of the drug, some undesirable effects on the patient's body may occur. The most dangerous of them is stopping breathing. In this case, specialists can not do without the help of specialists, otherwise a lethal outcome is possible. Urgent ventilation is needed. Sometimes the serum cholesterol level drops sharply. Some specialists recommend the transfusion of fresh blood or, more often, safer, blood substitutes for treatment of this condition.
Special instructions
It is recommended to enter qualitative nondepolarizing muscle relaxants one minute before the administration of the drug "Suxamethonium chloride".The description of the substance contains information that such interaction eliminates the risk of subsequent manifestation of myalgia and muscle twitching. It is important to use the drug only in specialized departments of medical institutions, subject to the availability of necessary equipment( including an apparatus for artificial ventilation) and competent personnel who can properly use this technique and make decisions in stressful situations. Since the use of the agent in question can cause a bradycardia in a patient, it is recommended that the patient be administered the drug "Atropine" before using "Suxamethonium chloride".
The possibility of combining with other drugs
When using other drugs simultaneously with the drug in question, it should be noted whether such interaction is permissible."Suxamethonium chloride" instructions for use do not recommend the use in parallel with anti-asthma drugs, since it significantly reduces the effectiveness of their action. The contemplated drug also enhances the pharmaceutical effect of the glycosides. In no case can not use "Suxamethonium chloride" at the same time as donor blood, as it provokes a hydrolysis reaction, with any blood preparations, alkaline solutions and solutions of barbiturates( contributes to precipitation).
Effect on the ability to concentrate attention( driving and complex machinery)
"Suxamethonium chloride" has a significant influence on the ability to concentrate and stay focused. This means that in order to avoid accidents, it is necessary to avoid the management of vehicles and any other activities that threaten life and health of a person and require increased concentration of attention, as well as quick reaction and instant decision-making on the first day after the termination of the drug in question.
Storage conditions and shelf life
You can store "Suxamethonium chloride" under strictly defined conditions. Namely: the temperature in the storage location should vary from two to eight degrees Celsius. Disposal should be out of the reach of children. The maximum shelf life of the medicinal product is three years from the date of its manufacture. After the specified period, use the drug is not recommended, because in this case it loses its useful properties and can be dangerous for the patient.
The safety of the patient, the safety of his life - is the responsibility of doctors who deal with his treatment. Therefore, it is important that the heads of medical institutions take care that the personnel of these establishments are competent in the application of medicines, the side effects of these drugs, and methods for eliminating unwanted reactions. Similarly, hospital staff must have the necessary knowledge and skills to properly use the available equipment that can save a patient's life. In particular, this applies to drugs, whose possible side effects may threaten the onset of a lethal outcome. It is to this group of drugs that "Suxamethonium chloride" refers. Therefore, it should be used only if competent specialists who are able to use the ventilator are present during the procedure. This may be necessary in the event of a side effect such as a respiratory arrest. In this case, the coherence of the actions of doctors and their professional competence will be the decisive factors that determine whether the patient will survive.
Sometimes physicians for a specific reason( in the presence of some contraindications) decide to use a different muscle relaxant - an analogue of "Suxamethonium chloride"( for example, "Ditilin", which can not be used only with glaucoma).It is important to trust the authoritative opinion of specialists in this matter. Therefore, you should be sure of the professional competence of the doctor with whom you work.
Before you decide on the drug in question, you should learn everything about the substance "Suxamethonium chloride": trade name, analogs, contraindications, possible side effects, use characteristics and recommended dosages. The patient should also be well-oriented in what kind of medicine he is being administered."Listenon"( "Suxamethonium chloride") - the trade name of the substance in question. Therefore, when you hear from the doctor's mouth the given name, you will well understand how it will act in your body. This knowledge is necessary in order not to expose your life to unnecessary risk. It is important to be as cautious as possible about what drugs are administered to you during treatment.
Trust your health only to professionals, choose the best quality methods of treatment and the best drugs! Take care of yourself!