Orthognathic surgery before and after: reviews
Methods of modern dentistry are able to change the bite of a person, align the dentition. But this usually does not lead to a significant improvement in appearance. And if a person has any pathologies in the jaw structure, orthognathic surgery can help him. This section of orthodontology, which deals not only with the correction of the bite, but restores symmetry and the correct proportions of the face. For example, changes in the shape of the chin or lengthening of the jaw can not be achieved with braces and other orthodontic designs. It is orthognathic surgery that allows you to make the appearance more attractive. It corrects serious deformities of the face in the jaw area.
History of the development of orthognathic surgery
This section of dentistry combines plastic medicine and maxillofacial surgery. Its goal is to achieve harmonious facial features. The name of this section is derived from Latin words that translate as "straight jaw".Initially, such operations were performed only to correct the occlusion, while the shape of the face changed insignificantly. The peculiarity of them was that they affected only the lower jaw, and the incisions were made from the outside, as a result of which scars remained on the skin of the face.
But in 1965 a technique for moving the upper jaw was developed. After that, orthognathic surgery became an effective way to change the shape of the face. The methods of conducting operations were constantly improved, and soon they began to be done with the help of internal cuts. This made it possible to make the appearance of the patient more attractive. In recent years, the correction technique has become even more modern, now after it there is scarring and scars. 
Where orthopedic surgery is best developed
Surgeons of Latvia, St. Petersburg and Moscow are considered the best in this profile. Such operations can be done at the Riga Institute of Dentistry. In St. Petersburg, several medical centers that perform such a correction. The most famous specialist of maxillofacial surgery is Dr. AR Andreeyshev.
Particularly famous for orthognathic surgery in Moscow. Specialists of the scientific and clinical center of otorhinolaryngology perform such operations using the most modern techniques, using also their own development. These are the candidates of medical sciences, the best in Russia doctors of such profile AN Senyuk, IN Lyashev, MA Mokhirev and DN Nazaryan. 
Types of operations
All of them solve one task - correcting jaw defects and improving the appearance of the face. But depending on the individual characteristics and severity of the pathology, different operations are used for this:
- osteotomy of the upper jaw - moving it and fixing it with titanium plates;
- osteotomy of the lower jaw - setting it in the correct position;
- in some cases it is necessary to divide the jaw into several parts to increase it;
- movement of the zygomatic bones;
- genioplasty - clipping of excess chin and correction of the midline of the face;
- is sometimes required to additionally do rhinoplasty, liposuction or lipoflation.
Indications for operation
Usually, small deformations of the jaw, incorrect bite or uneven dentition are corrected using braces, crowns or veneers. But not in all cases, you can achieve this way of success. Often braces do not help or, conversely, worsen the patient's condition. If such orthodontic treatment is performed with serious deformations of the jaw, this can lead to pathologies of the mandibular joint or even to dislocation of the teeth.
There are certain indications for orthognathic surgery, which allow such intervention only if necessary. Usually these are the following situations:
- abnormal jaw size;
- asymmetry of jaws;
- prognathic bite, in which the patient has a very small chin;
- strongly protruding lower jaw;
- gingival or asymmetrical smile.
Contraindications
Orthognathic surgery is not shown to everyone. Some people want to carry out such an operation without serious deformities. If the bite is correct, but he does not like the appearance of a person, the doctors do not undertake to treat him. In addition, there are certain contraindications to the conduct of such operations:
- children's and adolescence before the final formation of the jaws, that is, until about 18-21 years;
- bleeding disorder;
- cardiovascular diseases;
- pathology of the bone system;
- disruption of the endocrine glands;
- diabetes mellitus;
- is a nerve disease.
What preparation is needed for
Before performing the operation, it is absolutely necessary to undergo a complete examination at the dentist. The physician determines the parameters necessary for the correct operation of the temporomandibular joint, for maximum full jaw closure. At the same time, a Dolphin computer program is used, which allows to build a 3D model of harmonious features for a specific person. This template is used later in the operation.
But before you start orthognathic treatment, you need to even slightly align the dentition. Used for this, braces or transparent kapy, which should be worn for at least 2-3 months. Sometimes this period is prolonged by 1-1.5 years. 
How the operation is performed
Orthognathic surgery is a serious invasive treatment. Therefore, all operations are performed in a hospital. General anesthesia is mandatory. After all, the operation can last 5-6 hours. After it is necessary to monitor the doctor, so the patient remains in the hospital for several days. But even after discharge, he is advised to refrain from normal activities. Therefore, the patient is given a sick leave for up to 3 weeks.
Can there be complications of
? Usually such operations are carried by patients as easily as possible. There may be a complication after the operation - this is numbness of the lips, which soon passes by itself and has even a positive effect: the patient does not feel pain. In addition, sometimes there is swelling of soft tissues, sore throat, speech disturbance, nasal congestion, slight nausea. To be sure of the success of the operation and in the absence of side effects, it is necessary to choose a good clinic and qualified doctors.
In addition, several rules can help to avoid unpleasant consequences, because the operation is performed under general anesthesia:
- is not and do not drink at least 8 hours before surgery;
- try not to smoke a day before;
- not to do the operation at the slightest malaise, fever or bowel disorder.
Results of operation
Orthognathic surgery is capable of transforming a person's appearance. Improving the facial features helps him look younger and more attractive. This is necessary because the standard of beauty are symmetrical forms of the face. In addition, a beautiful smile also attracts people. And a person with an irregular shape of the jaws often just hesitates to smile, closes and loses confidence.
In different photos you can see what results orthognathic surgery helps to achieve. Before and after surgery, the patient often looks quite different. It is able to lengthen the jaw or make it shorter, change its position, change the shape and size of the chin. Due to this facial features become more correct and the appearance is transformed. The positive effect of the operation is also explained by the fact that all incisions are made from the inside, therefore the integrity of the external tissues is not disturbed.
In addition to obtaining an aesthetic result, such an operation helps to get rid of functional disorders, for example from speech fuzziness, difficulty in chewing functions. And most importantly, orthognathic surgery improves the patient's psychological state and increases his self-confidence. 
Reviews of such a correction
In fact, very few people know what orthognathic surgery is. The reviews show that the correction of the occlusion is mainly done with the help of bracket systems. And only with serious deformations of the jaw people are solved for the operation. But those who used such services, note that their appearance has changed for the better. Many, suffering for many years from speech disorders and malocclusion, suffering from an inferiority complex, changed after the operation. Orthognathic surgery even helps to look younger for several years. Moreover, patients do not notice any side effects or complications after the operation.
Orthognathic surgery is something that will help change the appearance for the better with serious problems in the structure of the jaws. Modern methods of conducting operations make such correction safe and effective.