Hemorrhagic diathesis is a common name for a whole group of different diseases, united by a common symptom - bleeding. There are both hereditary forms, and acquired. For example, three different diseases from this group.
Hemorrhagic vasculitis, which is otherwise called Shenlene-Henoch disease. This is the most common hemorrhagic diathesis. The cause of this pathology lies in the nonspecific lesion of microvessels, which leads to bleeding and the development of thromboses. To provoking factors include cold, allergic reactions and the influence of parasites. There are four forms in this disease:
- fulminant;
- is acute, which can last from a few weeks to several months;
- protracted - can last from many months to many years;
- is recurrent, with prolonged periods of stable remission.
The onset of the disease is always characterized by fever: from thirty-eight to thirty-nine degrees and gradually declining to subfebrile condition. In parallel, hemorrhagic rash begins to appear, in which sometimes elements of urticaria are present. In severe disease, foci of necrosis may appear in the centers of the elements of the rash, and then - crusts. After the disappearance of the rash on the skin, there will always be areas of pigmentation that will be visible for a long time. Gradually there are pains in the large joints. In most cases, especially in children, either permanent or paroxysmal pain develops in the abdomen, which is caused by hemorrhages in the mesentery and in the walls of the intestine. There is bloody vomiting. Kidneys can be affected by the type of glomerulonephritis - either acute or chronic. In the urine, respectively, there is protein and blood.
The diagnosis is based on a characteristic clinic. Laboratory examination confirms the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
How to cure the Shenlain-Henoch diathesis? The patient must necessarily be hospitalized, strict bed rest should be observed for at least three weeks. Of the medicines used heparin, rutin and ascorbic acid. Contraindicated sulfanilamide drugs, antibiotics and physiotherapy procedures. It is forbidden to eat coffee, cocoa, strawberries, citrus fruits, any compotes and juices. In the case of pronounced joint pain, indomethacin, analgin, and brufen are used.
Hemophilia is a hemorrhagic diathesis, which is caused by a lack of factor VIII and factor IX in the blood coagulation system. This disease is genetically conditioned, it is transmitted with the X-chromosome, that is, the carrier is a woman, and the men are sick. As the blood loses its ability to collapse, the patient can die literally from any bleeding. But in addition to bleeding from the wounds, there may be hemorrhages under the skin in the muscles, in the cavity of large joints.
This hemorrhagic diathesis is found even in childhood. Up to the point that bleeding from the umbilical wound does not stop. In the urine, haematuria is often found.
Treatment consists of transfusion of donor blood or its preparations, as well as concentrate VIII of the factor.
Thrombocytopenic idiopathic purpura or Verlhof disease. Women are more often ill. This disease is associated with a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. As a result bleeding occurs. The cause of the disease is most often due to problems with immunity. This disease is characterized by hemorrhages in the skin, localized more often on the legs and the front half of the trunk, as well as at the injection site. A threatening symptom that indicates the risk of cerebral hemorrhage is a bleeding in the eye's mucosa or on the skin of the face. Symptoms pinch and tourniquet - positive. There is an increase in spleen.
The diagnosis is based on the clinic and laboratory tests.
Treatment is carried out by prednisolone until a positive effect is achieved, as well as transfusion of platelet count and donor fresh blood.
All these diseases are life-threatening for patients, and especially hemorrhagic diathesis in children.