ECG in pregnancy and other conditions

An electrocardiogram( ECG) is a graphical representation of the potential difference that is recorded on the body surface. This method is the main one for detecting diseases of the cardiovascular system.
ECG in pregnancy is important for determining conduction and rhythm disturbances that can be caused by structural damage to the myocardium or drug intoxication. In addition, in the body of a woman, all processes are reconstructed to create optimal conditions for the development of a new life.

Essentially, the ECG during pregnancy does not change, of course, if the pregnancy is normal. Sometimes on the ECG may appear signs due to hyperkinetic type of circulation and displacement of the diaphragm and heart in the chest cavity due to physiological changes in pregnant women. They are manifested by the following changes on the ECG: a shift to the left of the electric axis of the heart, the appearance of biphasic, decreasing and flattening, inversion of the T wave in the III standard lead and right thoracic leads, deep Q( decreases with inhalation retention) and a flattened, modified or negative prongP in 3 standard leads. On ECG during pregnancy, the rhythm is correct, sinus, possibly the occurrence of extrasystoles or short periods of supraventricular tachycardia. In the early period, the length of the intervals Q-T and P-Q can increase( without going beyond the limits of physiological norms), and then decrease with an increase in the period. When pregnancy changes the ratio of hormones in the blood. This leads to a slight decrease in the time of passage of the electrical pulse at the atria and ventricles: on ECG during pregnancy, the decrease in the duration of the QRS complex, the tooth of P.

is recorded. At delivery, especially during labor and attempts, the width of the P wave, as well as the PQ and QRS, there may be a deviation to the right of the electric axis of the heart. After birth, all changes in the heart can last a long time.

ECG is frequently used for angina pectoris. The emergence of this pathology causes insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart muscle, as a result of which ECG signs appear that are characteristic of myocardial ischemia. These features include the displacement of the ST segment from the isoelectric line by 1 mm and more upwards - with subepicardial or total ischemia, downwards - with subendocardial. With angina pectoris, it is also possible to change the T wave. During stenocardic pain, there are conduction and rhythm disturbances: ventricular tachycardia, ventricular extrasystoles, transient ventricular or AV blockade.

Samples with physical activity are necessary for assessing the stability of the cardiovascular system, in addition, they provide an opportunity to assess the recovery of cardiac activity after physical activity in dynamics. ECG under load can be carried out in two ways: on treadmill( treadmill) or veloergometer. Before the test, the patient's maximum level of load is calculated on an individual basis, taking into account the sex, age, height, weight, concomitant pathology. The given initial physical load gradually increases, simultaneously with this the ECG and arterial pressure are recorded. When a certain heart rate or heart rate is reached, if there are pronounced changes in the ECG ischemic, when the pain or fatigue of the patient arises, the study with physical activity should be stopped. After stopping the ECG, the arterial pressure continues to be recorded for another 10 minutes. It should be noted that carrying out these studies is associated with a heavy load on the heart, which can even lead to its arrest.