The physiological feature of the female body causes a high susceptibility to various gynecological pathologies. According to medical information, the first position is occupied by the uterine myoma.
According to WHO, more than 25% of girls of reproductive age in this country are diagnosed with this tumor. And every year the figure is steadily increasing. Disease is observed in young individuals and patients in menopause. Even a doctor on a gynecological examination can not always differentiate the signs of uterine fibroids. How to recognize education at an early stage and avoid surgery? Answers to all questions of interest you will find in the material presented.
What kind of a disease is this?
This benign neoplasm of various sizes. Myomatous nodes are located in the myometrium - the muscle layer. The tumor is a round-shaped smooth muscle fibers densely wound with blood vessels. Its weight, diameter and volume can be gigantic. A knot weighing 63 kg was fixed in medical practice. But more common is the small size of the uterine myoma. Signs and symptoms directly depend on the course, stage, anatomical location, growth rate, number of nodes and age of the patient. This hormone-dependent disease, so its development is characterized by a high content of estrogen( female sex hormones).
Types of formations for the localization of
In clinical medicine, multiple and single myomal formations are distinguished depending on their location:
- The submucous, or intracavitary, form develops within the endometrium, it can fall into the vagina and neck.
- Sub-serous, or subperitoneal, occurs under the outer layer of the organ.
- Interstitial( intermuscular) is the most common nodal uterine myoma. Symptoms and symptoms are characterized by painful menstrual bleeding. The nodes are centered in the thickness of the layer, in the region of the body or bottom.
- Neck.
- The inter-connective is localized in the subperitoneal space and often does not identify itself.
Some types of formations can grow up to 2-3 kg. Only with regular( every six months) dispensary examination it is possible to correctly diagnose and undergo medical therapy.
Who is at risk?
The appearance of this ailment during the period of sexual formation is not ruled out. But such cases are extremely rare. Basically, the pathology appears after 30 years. The first signs of uterine fibroids are imperceptible, that is, the patient lives a normal life, without feeling any discomfort and pain.
The main provoking factor, according to experts, is hormonal imbalance( excess of estrogen and progesterone deficiency, dysfunction of appendages).Usually, with such disorders, the girl gets late, and sometimes even completely absent.
An irregular sexual life plays an important role in the development of myomatous nodes( rare sexual acts, dissatisfaction).In such a situation, blood flow is disturbed and stagnant phenomena are observed. It is scientifically grounded that the disease has a genetic character. To her are exposed those at whom in a sort on a female line met a myoma.
The inflammatory processes( adnexitis, endometritis, endometriosis), late delivery, endocrine pathologies, numerous abortions of pregnancy, trauma and gynecological operations are also provoking factors. All this leads to hormonal fluctuations.
The main signs of uterine fibroids: how to recognize a tumor?
So, let's talk about the symptoms. At the initial stage of the disease, there are rarely signs of uterine myoma. How to recognize the ailment? Only with the help of a number of diagnostic techniques. As the tumor grows, the patient begins to worry about uncomfortable sensations that signal a malfunction in the body. These include:
- Prolonged and profuse menstrual bleeding. Subsequently, it can lead to anemia( dizziness, pale skin, migraines, weakness).Such a phenomenon should be highly alarmed. Sometimes urgent hospitalization is required.
- Pain sensations indicate that the tumor is progressing and growing. Symptoms of uterine fibroids of small size, as a rule, are barely noticeable, sometimes accompanied by a pain syndrome in the lower abdomen and lower back.
- The nearby organs, the bladder and rectum, have failed. There is compression, severity, dysuria and constipation. You should visit a urologist, gynecologist and gastroenterologist.
- An increase in the tumor is characterized by pain in the heart. There are also increased pressure, shortness of breath, allergic rashes and metabolic disturbances.
Young women have a dramatically reduced reproductive function( obstruction of the fallopian tubes).Very often this causes infertility. To prevent pathology, timely follow-up and conservative therapy should be conducted. There is evidence that education can self-resorb or diminish in size with the advent of menopause. But do not rely on it, it is better to eliminate the knot before it increases and causes irreparable harm to health.
Clinical manifestations by tumor type
Different manifestations are characteristic for each form. The first signs of uterine myoma in small sizes at submucous nodes are caused by menstrual irregularities. Cramping pain is noted only if the tumor descends into the cavity of the organ.
Subtseroznoe anatomical location is asymptomatic. With the proliferation of knots, patients complain of persistent pain in the abdomen. Manifestations are often confused with the clinic of an acute abdomen and put the patient in the surgical department.
Mixed myomatous formations do not give themselves out at an early stage. Discomfort, compression of adjacent organs and violations of defecation are noted with significant tumor size.
Pregnancy and myoma
If the nodes are located far from the placenta, do not affect it, then the period of bearing often passes without pathologies. Complexities arise when the myomatous formations are localized near the embryonic organ. The fact is that the tumor produces substances that cause uterine contractions. The risk of premature birth or miscarriage increases. To pregnancy passed calmly, doctors try to stop the growth of nodes. After all, as they increase in the fetus, various deformations of the cranium, hypoxia and other pathologies can develop. Generic activity is often very weak and protracted, so doctors perform cesarean section.
Diagnostic methods
Based on a single history and gynecological examination, uterine fibroids can not be detected. Ultrasound( signs in which a test is prescribed - bleeding, pain, infertility) will help to identify the deformation of the uterine cavity. A unique informative method determines all pathological changes: magnitude, localization, structure.
For large tumor sizes, an MRI is assigned. It clearly reveals the number of nodules, determines their shape and location. Echographic signs of uterine myoma in the subperitoneal formation are characterized by increased sound absorption. For an accurate diagnosis of the disease, several studies should be performed: computed tomography, laparoscopy, hysterosalpingography.
Therapy
More recently, the only way to exterminate the disease was surgery. Today, doctors have managed to achieve tremendous results in treatment. Slowly growing small nodules located in the thickness of the endometrium do not cause inconvenience, but to prevent development, prescribe conservative therapy. The doctor prescribes hormonal medications: produced androgens, gestagens, combined contraceptives and analogues of aHNRH.
Modern types of surgical treatment
Conservative therapy does not always happen, it is effective and effective, especially with large formations. If the nodes are not removed in a timely manner, then signs of growth of uterine fibroids may adversely affect the health of women. Abundant blood loss can lead to death or permanently deprive the happiness of motherhood.
There are several variants of surgical intervention( individual selection of this or that method of removal, taking into account the patient's age, tumor growth rate, course, localization, magnitude and other factors):
- Laparoscopic myomectomy - a small incision is made with a special device, laparoscopeand a cavity with nodes is formed.
- Hysteroscopic myomectomy with removal of internal tumor.
- FUS ablation - is carried out with the help of ultrasonic waves, is assigned only for single formations.
- Embolization of the arteries - prevents the supply of nutrients to the nodes.
- Hysterectomy - an extreme method, is carried out in cases where neoplasms reach a huge size. Amputation of the uterus is performed.
What is not possible with myoma?
There are certain limitations that must be observed for women with a similar diagnosis, in order not to aggravate the situation. Contraindicated any physical stress on the peritoneum and pelvis. Protect yourself from riding horses and bicycles. You can do yoga, walk on a treadmill and be sure to take daily walks - this will improve blood flow. Doctors do not recommend vibromassage baths and mud treatment. It is necessary to pay attention to your diet: exclude hard and fatty foods that promote tumor growth.
Food is good, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Increase the consumption of fish, vegetable dishes, nuts and wheat sprouts. Do not forget to take vitamin therapy 3-4 times a year. Combine traditional treatment with folk remedies. Monitor your health and be examined yearly, even when there are no signs of uterine myoma. How to recognize the disease and prevent its development, the gynecologist will tell in detail.