Intrauterine spirals, their types, action, application

Intrauterine spirals have been used in Russian gynecology since the middle of the last century. This contraceptive, which in recent years has become quite popular. This is facilitated by the duration and convenience in use, the choice, the availability of options for the execution of spirals. In addition, they are a convenient form of contraception, they have a high enough efficiency, which reaches 99%.

The use of this method of contraception requires the supervision of a doctor, since each organism is individual, in addition, there can be a rejection of the spiral that occurs without symptoms. The doctor will be able to check the process to make sure that there is no inflammation in the uterus, and the spiral is in place. After removal of the remedy, pregnancy naturally occurs.

A bit of history

Even in the days of Ancient Egypt, intrauterine spirals were used, the first mention of them occurs four thousand years ago. But it was not until the 20th century that doctors first used the spiral in its almost modern form( in 1926).The spiral was made in the form of a ring made of an alloy that contained bronze, a small amount of copper and brass.

Subsequently, doctors found that the contraceptive effect is achieved by copper, which contributes to the death of spermatozoa. In 1960, with the advent of plastics in human life, an elastic spiral of mechanical action was made. This spiral was the least traumatic. Spiral intrauterine devices. Types and actions of

Women who have a regular sexual partner can use intrauterine devices of the LNG-IUS system to prevent unwanted pregnancies. They have a mechanical and hormonal effect. Contraception provides five years of use. The hormonal effect is that the spiral uniformly secretes a progestogen that prevents the onset of pregnancy. In addition, mechanical action prevents the fixation in the uterus of a fertilized egg.

Spirals with a hormonal base secret hormones of a certain group, such as levonorgestrel( Mirena), which also have a negative effect on spermatozoa. In addition, they interfere with the development of the endometrium, this prevents the fertilized egg from acting in the usual way: to attach to the wall of the uterus.

There are intrauterine spirals of ParaGard, in which copper is present. This element is secreted into the uterine cavity and promotes the production of liquid in the uterus and fallopian tubes. This fluid acts on the spermatozoa in a destructive manner, preventing the onset of pregnancy. Such spirals also have a mechanical effect. Contraceptive effect is and cervical mucus, which clogs the cervix and prevents passage into the uterus of spermatozoa.

There are intrauterine spirals made with the addition of silver and gold, which can suppress possible inflammatory processes. The silver core of the spiral protects it from corrosion, secrete silver ions, which have a beneficial effect on the woman's body.

Removal of the intrauterine spiral

If the fertilized egg, despite the spiral, is entrenched in the uterus, then the spiral can be removed by the doctor without any consequences for the child if the woman wants to keep the pregnancy. It is also removed due to individual intolerance, bleeding or inflammatory processes, as well as in the case of an ectopic pregnancy.

The spiral is not put on erosion on the cervix, if there is infection of the genitals, chronic inflammation or cancer, and when there are scars after the birth on the cervix.