The drug "Tramal": reviews, instructions, indications

Opioid analgesics are called central-action drugs, which are used for severe pain syndrome. Such drugs have a special effect on the central nervous system.

There are many medicines with such properties. One of them is Tramal. Instructions for use, reviews, features, indications and side effects of this drug are presented below.

Form, composition

The medication "Tramal", about which each can leave, has many forms of release: drops for oral administration, capsules, suppositories rectal and injection. The active ingredient of this drug is tramadol hydrochloride. Also, the composition of drugs includes auxiliary elements( depending on the form of the drug).

Properties pharmacological

What is the drug "Tramal"?The reviews say that it is an opioid analgesic. It has a pronounced analgesic property, which is explained by its agonistic effect on the receptors located in the central nervous system.

This medication is an opioid( synthetic).It is a racemate of negative and positive isomers, which in one way or another participate in analgesic action.

A positive isomer is a pure opioid receptor agonist. As for the negative, it is able to inhibit the seizure( neuronal) of norepinephrine, and also to activate the central noradrenergic descending system. Ultimately, this leads to a violation of the transmission of pain impulses to the substance( gelatin) of the spinal cord.

Both isomers act synergistically.

This drug causes sedation. In therapeutic dosages, it practically does not inhibit the work of respiratory organs and does not have any effect on hemodynamics.

With controlled intake of drugs, addiction and dependence are extremely rare. By the way, with the use of morphine, these are more pronounced.

Kinetics of

Is the drug "Tramal" absorbed? Reviews report that when ingested, it is absorbed by 90%.

After intramuscular injection, the peak concentration of the drug in the blood occurs after one hour.

This medication penetrates the placental barrier and the BBB.It is also excreted in mother's milk.

The drug is excreted through the kidneys. In what cases is a Tramal medication necessary? Reviews( for oncology this drug is used very often), it is said that the agent in question is indicated for pain syndrome of strong and medium intensity of various origins:

• in trauma;
• during the postoperative period;
• for pain that arose as a result of myocardial infarction;
• in the implementation of painful medical or diagnostic manipulations.

Contraindications

When should not you use Tramal? Feedback from specialists indicates such contraindications as:

• simultaneous administration of MAO inhibitors, as well as two weeks after their withdrawal;
• conditions that are accompanied by severe CNS depression or respiratory depression( eg, alcohol poisoning, opioid analgesics, hypnotics or psychotropic drugs);
• is a severe renal failure;
• narcotic withdrawal syndrome;
• hepatic failure is severe;
• hypersensitivity.

All these moments must be taken into account.

Drug "Tramal": instruction for use

The injections, which will be described further on, can be administered intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

Inside this medication should be taken before, during or after a meal. Capsules are washed down with ordinary water, and the solution is dripped onto a piece of sugar or diluted in a small volume of liquid.

Regarding rectal suppositories, they are injected into the rectum.

The dosage of the drug in question is established depending on the intensity of pain.

In what cases do injections "Tramal"?Feedback suggests that this form of the drug is used only if it is required to achieve a rapid analgesic effect.

Side effects

As with other analgesics, the drug in question can cause many adverse reactions, such as:

• redness of the skin, nausea, cerebral cramps, dry mouth, feeling tired, vomiting;
• dizziness, abdominal pain, heartbeat, bloating;
• appetite changes, drowsiness, headache, tachycardia, mood changes, depression, behavioral disorders, changes in activity, difficulty in swallowing water;
• syncope, muscle weakness, collapse;
• rash on the skin, constipation, motor weakness, confusion, increased sweating.

Special recommendations

With special care, this medication is prescribed for people with impaired liver and kidney function, with increased intracranial pressure, abdominal pain, craniocerebral trauma, epilepsy, and respiratory disorders.

The use of alcohol during therapy with this drug should be ruled out.

Reviews

Most patients say that the drug "Tramal" is a very strong and effective opioid analgesic. Any form of it quite quickly eliminates even the most severe pain syndromes, greatly facilitating the patient's condition.

The disadvantages of this drug include a large number of manifestations of adverse reactions, as well as an impressive list of contraindications.