The use and action of "Cefotaxime"."Cefotaxime": analogue of the preparation

Antibiotic "Cefotaxime" - a strong drug designed for the treatment of infectious diseases and the prevention of postoperative complications. The drug is injected into the body, it is often prescribed to both adults and children. It is a semisynthetic antibiotic with the active substance sefotaksim sodium.

Pharmacological action of

"Cefotaxime" is a representative of the cephalosporin series, whose bactericidal action is provided by suppressing the formation of bacterial cell walls.

The antimicrobial preparation is intended for parenteral use, it is effective when exposed to gram-negative bacteria resistant to the action of other antibiotics, is able to affect gram-positive cocci, but less actively than gram-negative bacteria.

Pharmacokinetics

The drug is rapidly absorbed, depending on the dosage it appears in the plasma in five minutes or half an hour after the injection, and retains the bactericidal concentration in the blood for longer than 12 hours. The drug, getting into tissues and liquids, is distributed well in them. When used during lactation, the drug can penetrate into breast milk. The maximum effect of "Cefotaxime" is achieved at its effective concentrations in synovial, peritoneal and pleural fluids. Excretion is carried out unchanged together with urine( about 60%), and in the form of metabolites. For half-life as a result of the / m and / in the introduction it takes 1 hour. Indications for the use of the drug

Indications for prescribing the medication are infections of an infectious nature, triggered by microorganisms that are sensitive to "Cefotaxime"( mostly Gram-negative).Only "Cefotaxime" injections are given, there are no analogues in tablets, the drug is used to detect such conditions:

• infections affecting the abdominal cavity;
• lesions of the skin, joints, soft tissues and bones;
• infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, nose, throat, ears;
• infections affecting the urinary system;
• Lyme disease;
• inflammatory processes of infectious nature in pelvic organs, gonorrhea;
• burns, infected wounds;
• meningitis, endocarditis, septicemia;
• infectious lesions against the background of immunodeficiency;
• prophylaxis of infectious diseases after surgical interventions( operations on the gastrointestinal tract, obstetric-gynecological and urological interventions).

Contraindications

"Cefotaxime", analogs in pricks have some contraindications, which must be taken into account before administration of the drug.

The drug is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to penicillins, carbapenems and other cephalosporins. It is prescribed with caution in diseases of the liver and kidneys, ulcerative colitis, during lactation. Pregnant women are prescribed only in the event that there is no great risk to the fetus or the intended benefit for the mother's organism is significantly greater than the possible risks. When used in relation to children under the age of 2.5 years, the intramuscular route is prohibited.

Application of the drug, dosage of

To know how to grow "Cefotaxime", you need to read the information specified in the instructions for use of the drug. The drug is intended for in / m and / in the introduction( using a dropper or jet).

The drug is prescribed for patients over 12 years of age, when the body weight is more than 50 kilograms:

• for infectious diseases of the urinary tract and in those cases when the infection occurs without complications, the body by any available method provides 1 g of the drug with a periodicity of 8-12 hours;
• for uncomplicated acute gonorrhea, 1 g of the drug is administered intramuscularly once;
• when using the drug for the treatment of infectious diseases, the severity of which is average, any of the possible ways introduce 1-2 g of the drug at a frequency of 12 hours( before you dilute "Cefotaxime", you must carefully study the rules for preparing solutions for injections);
• severe infections, for example, meningitis, require the introduction of 2 grams of medication in a vein at a frequency of 4-8 hours, with a maximum dose per day can not be more than 12 g;the duration of the course of treatment is determined by the severity of the condition;
• before surgery during anesthesia to exclude the possibility of the development of the infectious process, 1 g of the drug is injected, in some cases, repeated administration of the drug occurs in 6-12 hours;
• Caesarean section is performed with the introduction of 1 g of "Cefotaxime", later the procedure is repeated.

Drug is also used intravenously in relation to premature infants and newborns:

• age is less than 1 week - 50 mg per 1 kg of weight is applied with a periodicity of 12 hours;
• age from 1 to 4 weeks - 50 mg per 1 kg of weight with a periodicity of 8 hours.

Children weighing less than 50 kilograms at the age of 2.5 years are prescribed 4-6 injections with one of the possible methods of 50-180 mg per kilogram of body weight( to understand how "Cefotaxime" is dissolved with novocaine, you should carefully read the instructions).If a severe course of the disease is observed, 100-200 mg / kg is used. In a day it is admissible to take up to 12 g of the drug.

Preparation of injection solutions

Intravenous injection

In sterile water for injection( 4 ml), 1 g of the drug is diluted. The solution is administered for 3-5 minutes, it is important to ensure its slow entry into the body.

Intravenous infusion( drip introduction)

In a 50-100 ml solvent( dextrose solution 5% or sodium chloride 0.9%), dilute 1-2 g of the drug and infuse for 50-60 minutes.

Intramuscular injection of

For 4 ml of solution( 1% solution of novocaine, water for injection) take 1 g of medicine, the injection is made into the buttock, the needle must go deep into the muscle.

Observance of special instructions when using

"Cefotaxime", analogues in tablets for which are not produced, are used with special instructions. Before using the medicine, you must exclude the possibility of allergies. Patients who are allergic to penicillins, the drug should be used with extreme caution. If the sensitivity of the organism to substances contained in the medicinal product is noted, its use is stopped. When treating for more than 10 days, periodic checking of peripheral blood circulation is required. To exclude unwanted reactions, during the treatment should give up alcohol.

Overdose, side effects of

"Cefotaxime", analogs in suspension have a large number of side effects:

• allergic manifestations( urticaria, pruritus, rash, fever, chills, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, eosinophilia, angioedema, Lyell and Stevens-Johnson syndromes);
• digestive disorders( pain in the abdomen, dysbiosis, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, liver disorders, in rare cases - pseudomembranous colitis);
• glossitis, stomatitis;
• disorders in the hemopoietic system( hypocoagulation, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia);
• disorders of urinary function( interstitial nephritis, anuria, oliguria, azotemia, high levels of urea in the blood);
• dizziness, headache;
• negative processes in the cardiovascular system( arrhythmias that pose a potential threat to life);
• local adverse reactions( infiltration, pain with / m, phlebitis);
• changes in laboratory parameters( false positive Coombs reaction);
• superinfection( oral candidiasis, candidal vaginitis).

"Cefotaxime", an analogue of the drug when used in large doses, can lead to an overdose accompanied by convulsions and other symptoms, including excitability, tremor, and encephalopathy( especially this symptom is observed in people with kidney failure).Symptomatic therapy is used to eliminate the effects of overdose.

Interaction of the drug with other drugs

If you need to find a remedy with a composition similar to the composition of the drug "Cefotaxime", it is not difficult to find an analogue. But regardless of whether the medication is used with the help of an analog or an original, in any case, it is necessary to take into account the interaction of the drug with other medicines.

When "Cefotaxime" is used concomitantly with potentially nephrotoxic drugs such as furosemide, aminoglycoside antibiotics, it is very important to observe the functioning of the kidneys, since there is a risk of nephrotic exposure.

Cefotaxime is often used to treat many infections and prevent their development. Instructions for use, the analogues of the drug must necessarily be studied, since this agent can cause allergies, has a lot of side effects and other features. Drug solutions should not be used together with solutions of other antibiotics, they can not be combined in a dropper and syringe.

Analogues

For the "Cefotaxime" agent, the analogue should be selected according to the active substance. From the structural analogs, we can distinguish:

• cefotaxime sodium salt;
• cefotaxime vial, sandoz, sodium and lec;
• cefosin;
• cefanthral;
• cephalar;
• cetax;
• thirotax;
• tarcephoxime;
• taltsef;
• tax-of-bid;
• spirozine;
• resibelact;
• oritaxim;
• oritax;
• lyophan;
• clafotaxime;
• Claforan;
• clafhorn;
• kefotex;
• intataxime.

Since there is a wide choice of drugs for the preparation "Cefotaxime", it is not difficult to choose an analogue, but since analogues can have other side effects, and their therapeutic effect may be weaker, the replacement of the original drug should be carefully selected. To avoid undesirable consequences, you should find out the maximum information about the medicines that are planned to be used.