Diagnosis: rotavirus infection. Komarovsky: recommendations and advice. Rotavirus infection: symptoms and signs, treatment and diet

At present, the topic "Rotavirus infection in children, symptoms" is very relevant. Komarovsky urges parents to pay attention to this disease, because it is an acute infectious disease related to intestinal infections and characterized by lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. In general, rotavirus infection occurs between the ages of 6 months to 3 years and in some cases is fatal.

First information about the disease

What is rotavirus infection? Komarovsky, answering this question, says that this is an infectious disease that has happened to all our mothers, dads, grandmothers and grandfathers and will appear in our children and grandchildren. With the manifestations and consequences of rotavirus infection, mankind has been facing a long time. For the first time the causative agent causing the disease was discovered in 1973.

The Australian researcher R. Bishop identified the virus with the participation of colleagues. In 1979, experts of the World Health Organization named the causative agent - rotavirus. Creating a new term, specialists took into account the appearance of the smallest non-cellular particles. Under a microscope, they look like round elements resembling wheels. That is why the term "rotavirus" was derived from the Latin word rota. In translation it means "wheel".

Features of rotavirus

Pathogens from the family Reoviridae and the genus Rotavirus are noncellular particles, due to which a rotavirus infection develops in the human body. Komarovsky notes that absolutely all children face this disease. The exception is not even those kids, for whom the parents take care very carefully. No hygiene procedures, washing the floors and cleaning toys are not saved from rotaviruses.

The whole point is that pathogens are resistant to environmental factors. They are not afraid of low temperatures and drying. Viruses also withstand the action of chloroform, ether, ultrasound. The death of noncellular particles quickly comes on when heated and almost instantly when boiled.

Speaking of rotaviruses, it should be noted that the specialists identified 9 stereotypes of these non-cellular particles. Some of them are pathogenic for humans( 1-4 and 8-9).Stereotypes 5, 6 and 7 are isolated from various animals. For humans these noncellular particles do not pose any danger.

Rotavirus infection of

The peak incidence of rotavirus infection occurs in autumn and winter. Most often, the disease is diagnosed between December and February. This is due to the virus's resistance to cold. The source of pathogens is a person. Non-cellular particles in a significant amount are excreted with feces from the body of those people who have rotavirus infection.

Komarovsky in one of his video says that the mechanism for transfer of rotavirus is fecal-oral. Transmission routes are:

• food( unwashed products);
• water( unboiled water);
• contact-household( infected household items, dirty toys).

The maximum incidence falls on the age from six months to 3 years. Rotavirus infection can manifest itself much later, when the child begins to attend preschool. Babies often become infected after contact with sick children, because the disease is highly contagious. In the first few months of life, rotavirus infection rarely occurs. This is explained by obtaining immunity from the mother along with breast milk.

Symptoms of the disease

After the pathogens enter the body, the incubation period begins in the child, during which the rotavirus infection does not appear. Komarovsky in his broadcast emphasizes that the duration of this stage can be from 1 to 4 days. After the incubation period, the first symptoms appear:

• rise in body temperature;
• vomiting;
• loose stool.

Body temperature usually rises to 37.5-39 degrees. At this level, it lasts for 2-4 days. In connection with this condition, the child's appetite disappears. There is such a symptom as vomiting. It can happen 1 or 2 times. In rare cases, repeated vomiting occurs over a couple of days. The main sign of rotavirus infection, as Dr. Komarovsky says, is liquid stool. Most often it is watery, has no pathological impurities and is observed for 3-6 days.

Type of infection, its severity and course

The disease under consideration is classified. It is based on the distribution of the type, severity and course of the disease. So, experts distinguish:

• a typical rotavirus infection;
• is an atypical rotavirus infection;
• virus-carrying.

A typical type of disease, in turn, is divided into light, medium and heavy forms. The leading syndrome is intestinal. Its severity determines the severity of rotavirus infection.

To atypical variety carry the erased and asymptomatic forms. Clinical manifestations are poorly expressed or not observed at all. This is the easiest form of infection.

Complications of the disease

Many parents are frightened by rotavirus infection in children, symptoms. Komarovsky, on the other hand, says that in most cases the forecast is favorable. The condition of some children worsens only because their mothers and dads are unaware of possible complications, do not know what inaction can lead to.

A dangerous consequence of rotavirus infection is dehydration. With a liquid stool, the body loses water. Its volume can be significant with frequent diarrhea( the rate of defecations with a mild form of rotavirus infection is 2-5 times a day, with heavy - up to 20 times).Because of dehydration, the amount of urine released decreases, consciousness is confused, blood pressure decreases, cyanosis is observed, the nervous system is affected, convulsions occur. With the loss of 20-25% of water, death occurs.

Komarovsky about rotavirus infection says that it is still fraught with pneumonia. This complication develops in a sick child not because of the fact that he has contracted from someone at home or in a pre-school establishment. Pneumonia with rotavirus infection is caused by a deficiency of fluid in the body. Due to lack of water, lung function is impaired.

Treatment of rotavirus infection

With this disease, the child can be treated at home. The World Health Organization notes that the main method of therapy should be the restoration of fluid and electrolyte losses. Prevent dehydration due to means for oral rehydration. They are sold in pharmacies in the form of powders.

If such a facility is not available, and the child has rotavirus infection, Komarovsky treatment is advised to be carried out with the help of a specially prepared solution. The following ingredients are required:

• 1 liter of water;
• 2 tbsp.l. Sahara;
• 1 tsp.salts;
• 1 tsp.soda.

The prepared preparation should be drunk in sufficient quantities( ie, it must be urinated once every 3 hours).If the baby refuses the liquid and gives it no drink, then the parents should immediately consult a doctor. The patient will be hospitalized. In the hospital, the doctor will prescribe the parenteral administration of funds( in a vein), preventing dehydration of the body.

Assigning antibiotics

Dr. Komarovsky notes that with watery diarrhea it is only necessary to replenish the lost fluid. Antibiotics to the sick child are not appointed, because these drugs can not harm the viruses that cause the disease. These drugs only suppress the growth of prokaryotic cells and protozoa.

Antibiotics are needed only in a few cases:

• in the presence of blood impurities in diarrhea;
• in cholera( an acute intestinal infection caused by bacteria of the species Vibrio cholerae);
• in diagnosed with the results of tests of lambliasis( a disease that causes protozoa) in combination with diarrhea lasting for a child more than 2 weeks.

Diet with rotavirus infection

Many mothers and dads have heard that the disease requires a correction of the diet. That's why parents often ask questions about what a rotavirus infection is, a diet. Komarovsky emphasizes that with an ailment in the intestines, the activity of certain enzymes decreases. One of them is lactase. It is involved in the hydrolysis of lactose disaccharide contained in milk.

When rotavirus infection from the menu of a young child should be excluded dairy products( even mother's milk), because the body can not digest them. The patient's condition will worsen. That is why the specialists prescribe low-lactose and lactose-free therapeutic nutritional mixtures. Enter the dairy products in the diet no earlier than 2-3 weeks after the onset of the disease.

From the ration of children older than milk, the following products are excluded:

• sweets;
• fatty meat and fish;
• beans;
• canned food.

In the early days of the disease will be useful light broths, rice, semolina and buckwheat porridge, fresh unleavened cottage cheese, scrambled eggs. You can cook jelly, decoction of rose hips. Gradually, the diet should be expanded, adding lactic products, vegetables, fruits, juices diluted with water.

Prevention of the disease

In order to prevent a child, a vaccine against rotavirus infection can be made. Komarovsky notes that the world uses 2 vaccines. One of them is Rotarix. It contains only one rotavirus. The vaccine is obtained on the basis of a strain isolated from an infant with gastroenteritis. It is twice administered orally. The first vaccination is carried out at the age of 6 to 12 weeks. The second dose is administered 4 weeks or a little later. Up to 6 months of age, the baby should already be vaccinated.

The second vaccine is RotaTeq. It contains 5 genetically modified rotaviruses, which were obtained on the basis of bovine and parental human strains. This vaccine is also used orally. The number of recommended doses is 3( the first is given to a child at 2 months, the second at 4 months, and the third at 6 months).Vaccination should begin at the age of not later than 12 weeks and should be completed by 32 weeks.

In conclusion, it should be noted that parents can learn a lot of informative information from a television program called "The School of Doctor Komarovsky".Rotavirus infection is being considered in one of the issues. It says that around 500,000 children die of this disease every year from the world. This disease is not incurable. Just some parents do not understand how serious the ailment is, and too late take the necessary measures.