Medical statistics are. .. The concept and tasks of medical statistics

Medical statistics is a science that studies the quantitative component of mass phenomena and processes in society in indissoluble connection with their qualitative characteristics in certain conditions of place and time. This universal science covers absolutely all spheres of human activity. Medical or otherwise sanitary statistics deals with the study of the quantitative aspect of phenomena, and in addition, processes that are related to health and hygiene. More about medical statistics, as well as its tasks will be discussed next.

Sections of medical statistics

Medical statistics is a science in which the following three sections are distinguished:

• Statistics related to public health. This section studies the health status of the entire population as a whole. He also affects his individual groups. Information, as a rule, is collected through statistical analyzes, and in addition, data collection on the composition and total population. At the same time, the reproduction of the population, as well as its natural movement, along with physical development, the prevalence of various diseases, life expectancy and so on, are strictly taken into account. Assessment of health indicators is carried out by comparing the data with the generally accepted assessment level. In particular, the dynamics observed information obtained by different regions.
  instagram stories viewer
• This is medical statistics in the field of health. The section deals with the collection, processing and analysis of information about all health facilities. This takes into account such parameters as the placement of these organizations, their equipment, activities and personnel. With respect to the cadres, information is collected on the total number of doctors, and also on the average and junior medical personnel, as well as on the distribution of persons according to their specialties and the length of service. Personnel are also going to get information about the retraining and so on. As part of the analysis of the activities of treatment and prevention organizations, the information obtained is compared with the normative levels.
• Clinical statistics in medicine is a section that monitors the use of techniques in the treatment of experimental, and in addition, laboratory research results. Such statistics make it possible to evaluate the reliability of the results of the research conducted from a quantitative point of view. Thanks to it, a number of other tasks can be solved, for example, we are talking about determining the amount of necessary observations during sample surveys, the formation of an experimental and control group, studying the existence of correlation and regression relationships, and eliminating the qualitative heterogeneity of groups, and so on.

Medical statistics and its tasks

Medical statistics is a branch of science that pursues a number of specific tasks, among which it is necessary to name the following:

• Study of the health status of the entire population as a whole.
• Implementation of the analysis of the criterion of the quantitative characteristics of health in society.
• Establishment of a link between health indicators and various social and environmental factors.
• Assessing the impact of environmental and social factors on the level of public health. What other tasks of medical statistics are known?
• Study of material and technical issues in the health care system.
• Analysis of the activities of medical and preventive organizations.
• Evaluation of medical and social, and in addition, economic efficiency, which is achieved within the framework of therapeutic, antiepidemic and preventive measures.
• Application of statistical techniques in the implementation of clinical, and in addition, experimental medical and biological research.

Social diagnostic technique

Statistics in medicine are considered a social diagnostic technique, as it provides an opportunity to provide an assessment of the overall health status of the entire population in the country or in the region. On this basis, measures are being developed that are aimed at improving public health. The most important principle of medical statistics is its use to study not single, but mass phenomena. Thanks to this, it is possible to reveal general laws of such phenomena. These regularities can be observed, as a rule, when studying the general statistical population.

Statistics as the leading method in medicine

Medicine desperately needs statistical research. Thanks to such studies, the following results can be achieved in health management:

• The population's health indicators are being measured quantitatively.
• Indicators of the activity of medical organizations are established.
• The strength of the influence of various factors on the health of the population is determined.
• The effectiveness of treatment is determined.
• The effectiveness of the implementation of health improvement measures is established.
• There is an assessment of the dynamics of health indicators, due to which it is possible to predict them.
• Obtained the necessary information that is required for the development of standards, and in addition, health standards.

Objective laws of validity

Directly sanitary statistics assume the following objective laws of reality:

• Regularity of large numbers. Such regularities can most clearly manifest themselves with a large number of all kinds of observations.
• Theory of probability. This theory lies at the base of selective research methods. The essence is to create the same conditions for the material to be selected and studied.

What else does this industry statistics do?

Levels of health status assessment of the population

The following levels of health assessment in the framework of medical and social research are singled out:

• Individual. In this case, we are talking directly about the health status of a single person.
• Group. This level involves researching the overall picture of health in social and ethnic groups.
• Regional. This level provides information on health in the area of ​​administrative territories.
• Public. This level is global and is engaged in the study of the population. The Health Department is extremely interested in this.

Public health: science objectives

Public health science has the following objectives:

• To study and observe the influence of medical, as well as social factors, along with the conditions and lifestyle, on the health of different categories of the population.
• Developing evidence-based recommendations to prevent and eliminate adverse health and social conditions. In addition, factors and health measures for general improvement in the level of public health.

Why do I need health statistics?

• Drawing up recommendations for practical bodies and organizations in the field of health in the framework of regulatory and personnel support, planning and forecasting the activities of individual specialists and institutions. In addition, recommendations are drawn up with respect to health care organizations, and in addition, sanitary and epidemiological well-being. At the same time, the fundamentals of organizational and economic forms of health insurance are analyzed along with management, marketing and modeling of clinical services for the population.
• The Bureau of Medical Statistics evaluates public health criteria along with the quality of medical care and its optimization.

Types of medical and social research

Methods for conducting medical and social research in the field of statistics suggest the use of the following methods of information collection:

• Historical method.
• Dynamic monitoring.
• Sanitary-statistical reception. This method of research is fundamental.
• Performing a medical-sociological analysis.
• Collect expert opinions.
• Carrying out the system analysis.
• Implementation of organizational experiments.
• Using the planning and regulatory methodology.

Subject and object of medical and social research

The subject of medical statistics are:

• Study of public health( state of health of a certain territory, risk factors for harmful production, etc.).
• Scientific research work( conducting scientific research, writing scientific works, organizing scientific and practical conferences, symposiums, seminars, etc.).
• Study of the activities of health care institutions( the quality of the work of the territorial polyclinic, the effectiveness of the dispensary, the turnover of hospital beds, etc.).
• Work on the methodology of conducting medical and statistical research.

Directly the objects of medical and social research are:

• The population of administrative territories. In this case, we are talking about patients who suffer from a specific nosology.
• Individual organizations. In this case, all possible polyclinics are meant, along with hospitals, diagnostic centers, specialized services, industrial enterprises, health care institutions and the like.
• Bodies in the health care system, for example, various ministries along with agencies, committees, departments, sectors and so on.
• Environmental objects. Under such objects are meant reservoirs along with the areas of plantations, agricultural holdings and the like.
• General, and in addition, specific factors affecting the risk of various diseases. Such factors include ecological disadvantage along with harmful production, mechanical, chemical and physical prerequisites.