Anatomy. Nose cartilage
The outer human nose has a complex device and performs very important functions. The skeleton of the olfactory organ consists of bones and cartilages that give it a unique shape that is individual for each person. However, sometimes some people begin to get sick, which causes a lot of inconvenience. Let's try to understand the main causes of the emergence of pain and methods of dealing with them.
Functions of the olfactory organ
The nose, like any other body, is responsible for performing certain functions.
The main among them are:
- respiratory;
- thermostatic;
- moisturizing;
- protective;
- resonator;
- olfactory.
The nose not only allows us to recognize odors, but it also is responsible for heating the inhaled air and prevents the entry of viruses into our body.
General structure of
The nose is one of the most unique organs of our body. In nature there is no longer any living being with a similar structure of the nose. In this case, the anatomical features of the external nose differ in the representatives of different races, and also depend on the individual features of the structure of the organism.
The outer part of the olfactory organ is formed by a skeleton that forms the bones and cartilages of the nose. The latter are divided into two types:
- Lateral - in its form resembles a triangle. Its posterior part abuts the nasal bone.
- Large wings - responsible for giving the nostril its shape and forms a nasal cavity.
It should be noted that, depending on the individual physiological characteristics of a particular person, additional nose cartilages may be present in the nose, which in medicine are called sesamoid. They add extra rigidity to the bone skeleton. All cartilages are interconnected by a fibrous tissue.
Especially important in the structure of the olfactory organ is the nasal septum, which is responsible for dividing the inner space of the nose into two equal parts. It consists of two areas - the bottom and top. The first is mobile, and most of it is the cartilage of the septum of the nose. In its form it resembles a rectangular plate of asymmetric size, which is driven by the muscles of the wings of the nose.
Features of the internal nose device
The nasal cavity is the beginning of the human airway. Its walls are formed by bones. It is located between the oral cavity, anterior cranial fossa and orbits. In its anatomical features, the nasal cavity is divided into three divisions:
- vestibule;
- respiratory area;
- is the olfactory area.
The nasal cavity consists of two identical halves that separate the nasal septum from each other. It is very fragile, so many people have a curvature resulting from injury. Each half has four bone walls and three shells - the lower, middle and upper.
The respiratory area is covered with a mucous membrane consisting of special cells that secrete mucus. It acts as an antiseptic, which has a detrimental effect on microbes. In the upper part of the respiratory tract there are mobile cilia, which are responsible for excretion of mucus with associated bacteria and dust.
The olfactory area is located at the top of the nose. It is lined with an epithelial tissue, in which are the receptors responsible for the recognition of odors. Total human nose is able to recognize about 10 thousand different flavors.
Anatomical features of the paranasal sinuses
The accessory sinuses are the voids surrounding the sense of smell. They are connected to the nose by channels and perform very important functions. The accessory sinuses are divided into the following types:
- wedge shaped;
- maxillary;
- frontal
- cells of the trellis labyrinth.
The largest in size are the maxillary sinuses. They perform many functions and play the most important role in our body. They help to reduce the mass of the skull, significantly improve the quality of odor recognition, contribute to the purification of inhaled air, form the timbre of the voice, improve the absorption of nasal drugs by the mucous membrane, reduce the negative effects on the eyes and teeth with severe temperature changes.
What can be a disorder in the cartilage of the nose
Nasal cartilage can begin to hurt for a variety of reasons, both as a result of trauma, and as complications from many serious diseases. The main part of the olfactory organ is the septum of the nose, to which on both sides there are cartilages. With them, in turn, the bones close.
The main causes of pain can be:
- Trauma of the septum.
- Fracture of the nasal bones.
- Soft tissue damage.
To determine the appropriate treatment, it is necessary to determine the cause, which is behind the pain. Therefore, if you have a nasal arthritis, it is recommended not to postpone the trip to the hospital, since any delay can lead to many complications.
It is important to understand that the reasons can be not only internal, but also external. Let's take a closer look at each of them.
Internal causes of nose pain
To this group of causes include bruises and trauma to the bone or cartilaginous tissue of the olfactory organ. In severe injuries, not only the displacement of the septum can occur, but also the destruction of cartilage, as well as damage to the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. With regard to diseases, the cartilage of the nose( in Latin, they sound like erit cartilage de naribus) can hurt if a person has inflammation of the mucous membrane, sinusitis or hemosinusitis, ganglionitis and many other diseases that occur in a latent form.
How to find out about the problem
In most cases, people with hypertension feel pain in the nose, and also have liver problems or any blood diseases. In this case, pain can be accompanied by heavy bleeding, which is very difficult to stop. Such a problem can also be faced by people who have suffered a nasal injury earlier, which caused the displacement or curvature of the nasal septum or the destruction of the cartilage. Determine the reason for the pain, independently without the help of a qualified specialist is impossible.
Difficulties in diagnosing nasal cartilage injury
When the cartilage of the nose breaks, a bleeding occurs in the soft tissues, resulting in a hematoma. To prevent suppuration and to avoid various negative consequences, it is necessary to help the person injured as soon as possible. In this case, the victim's body temperature increases dramatically, there are very strong pain in the nose, and terrible migraines also begin.
If you do not take any action, the nasal septum is transformed, and the cartilage is destroyed. With heavy bleeding and the formation of a severe hematoma, the person completely or partially overlaps the nasal passage, as a result of which his respiratory capacity is disturbed.
With very severe injuries, the back wall of the nose may fall, which causes a change in the normal shape of the olfactory organ, and any touch to it causes unbearable pain, which is difficult to endure.
Basic treatments for
If the injury was not too severe and did not result in serious damage, in which the cartilage of the septum of the nose( in Latin is written erit cartilage de naribus) was not deformed or destroyed, then ice or a cold compress will help to get rid of the pain. When bleeding from the nose in the cavity inserted special tampons that promote a faster coagulation of blood.
More serious are open fractures, because the blood can get an infection, which causes the wound to become sinuous and further contamination of the blood. Such an inflammatory process extends not only to soft tissues, but also to bones and cartilage. Such injuries are considered to be one of the most serious, so they should be contacted as soon as possible by the hospital specialist.
Severe pain can also occur if the cartilage of the septum of the nose has been damaged. If the bone skeleton has not been shattered during displacement, the fragments simply reposition them. This procedure is very painful, so it is done under general anesthesia.
Pain sensation in the deformation of the skeletal structure caused by the displacement of the nasal septum
The lateral cartilage of the nose or septum can be sore due to abnormalities in the normal formation of the facial bones, which are usually accompanied by a curvature of the septum of the nose.
In addition to severe migraines, a person can also observe the following manifestations:
- Permanent problems with the nose, in particular the occurrence on a regular basis of diseases such as rhinitis, frontal and sinusitis. This is due to poor output of sputum from the maxillary sinuses, as well as the possible presence of infection in the injured area.
- Difficulty breathing through the nose.
- Curvature of the nose in one of the sides, because of which people constantly snore in a dream.
As practice shows, most people suffering from nose pain do not attach special importance to this problem. However, the disruption of the normal functioning of the olfactory organ subsequently leads to various failures, as a result of which the protective functions of the body decrease, cardiovascular diseases develop, the incidence of catarrhal and viral diseases increases, and blood problems may also occur. Therefore, if you notice that the cartilages of the wings of the nose began to hurt or changed their original form, it is recommended not to engage in self-medication, but immediately go to the doctor.
The main methods of treating the curvature of the nasal septum
There are several methods of returning the septum to a normal position, but the most effective is the surgical operation.
In modern medicine, its following types are distinguished:
- septoplasty - restoration of the initial position of the partition plate;
- lateral conhopexy is an extension of the nasal canals by approaching the shells to the scales of the frontal bone;
- cristotomy - removal of cartilage in the nose or bone ridge, if they interfere with normal air permeability through the channels;
- vasotomy - removal of cavernous tissue of the upper part of the nasal cavity if it is filled with blood due to any diseases;
- Rhinoplasty - the cartilage of the nose returns to its normal shape in order to give the appearance of greater aesthetics.
The most complicated kind of surgical intervention is septoplasty. Modern equipment allows you to carry out operations in such a way that the skin does not leave any scars. Damaged cartilages are removed from the bone skeleton, and then modeled and put in place. In this case, this method of treatment is highly effective and allows not only to return the sense of smell to normal functioning, but also to make it more aesthetic. For example, if the cartilage on the tip of the nose has been displaced, then the doctors will be able to return it to its original position. The rehabilitation period lasts about two weeks.
Methods of correcting deformities of the nose
Rhinoplasty is one of the most common types of surgical intervention aimed at correcting congenital or acquired as a result of injuries of any nose defects. It is also often used in plastic surgery to correct the shape of the olfactory organ.
To date, there are three ways to perform rhinoplasty:
- Open or American.
- Closed or European.
- Non-operating.
The first two methods are based on surgical intervention, and their main difference is only in what area the surgeon makes incisions. The non-surgical method is that injections of fat or hyaluronic acid are injected under the skin, so that surgeons can correct small nasal defects. It is practically painless and has no negative consequences, so the patient is immediately released home after the operation.
Do not be frivolous about your health. If you have even a little pain in your nose, you should undergo a test and begin treatment as soon as possible, since any delay can lead to very serious consequences. Remember, you can not buy health for any money.