Consequences of a complication of a genyantritis
If the human immune system is strong, then it will successfully cope with sinusitis. With the general weakness of the body, it is extremely difficult to predict the further course of the disease. If you do not treat sinusitis, then its acute stage quickly goes into a chronic form. Chronic sinusitis, complications of which are insidious, is a seriously treatable disease.
What is sinusitis and what are its complications?
The basis for the appearance of sinusitis is the introduction of pathogens into the mucosa of the maxillary sinus( hence the name of the disease).
What are the complications of sinusitis? Symptoms of pathological phenomena caused by the disease are diverse. Everything depends on the area of the lesion and its degree.
In sinusitis, nasal breathing and mucus from the cavities in the upper jaw region are disrupted. Accumulating, it promotes the multiplication of bacteria, which causes an even more extensive inflammation in the maxillary sinuses. Thus a closed chain is formed with the further development of complications.
What kinds of complications distinguish
Complications of genyantritis are divided into two conditional groups. The first includes the negative consequences that affect the state of the respiratory system.
Among them it should be noted:
- transition of the genyantritis from acute stage to chronic;
- occurrence of an inflammatory process in the pharynx and tonsils;
- development of bronchitis and pneumonia;
- diffusion of sinusitis to other sinuses;
- occurrence of inflammation in the middle ear( otitis media).
Complications of antritis in adults, belonging to the second group, go beyond the defeat of the respiratory system. In this case, a blow to yourself can take many systems of the body.
Among the complications can be noted:
- inflammation in the meninges with meningitis and encephalitis;
- heart disease( myocarditis);
- inflammation of the joints( rheumatoid arthritis);
- impaired renal function( nephritis);
- blood poisoning( sepsis).
The main symptoms of sinusitis
Transition of the disease from acute to chronic stage is difficult to establish, because the list of symptoms of the disease is quite extensive.
To manifestations of a chronic nature include:
- asthenia;
- incessant cold;
- permanent migraine;
- discharge from the nose of purulent mucus, often they have an unpleasant odor.
The chronic sinusitis can be confused with simple colds or overwork. One of the most striking manifestations of the disease is one-sided nasal congestion. This is due to the inflammatory process occurring in one maxillary sinus. After a certain period of time, the stuffiness of the nose can spread to the second side due to the fact that the inflammation seized the neighboring cavity.
Conditions in which the acute sinusitis passes into the chronic form
Sinusitis acquires a chronic course for a variety of reasons, among which we can distinguish:
- untimely arrest of the disease;
- failure to comply with physician's recommendations;
- reduced immunity;
- presence of concomitant diseases of the respiratory system.
Transgression of sinusitis in a chronic form can be caused by the presence of severe cardiovascular pathology or respiratory system. In such conditions, the patient may complain of a shortage of air.
With chronic sinusitis, the nasal mucosa and maxillary sinuses thicken and become inflamed. The person begins to breathe through the mouth, which promotes the spread of infection in new areas.
Negative impact of oral breathing is concluded in the inactivity of the nose and nasopharynx during the respiratory process. Dry, not moistened with mucus air is full of pathogens. They fall into the throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Thus, sinusitis promotes the entry of microbes through the mouth and inflamed maxillary sinuses.
Visual impairment in sinusitis
Complications of sinusitis can hardly be called typical. No one knows which organ or system it will affect. It happens that intensive use of antibiotics helps to reduce resistance to them. Due to improper treatment of the disease, visual impairment may occur. For example, sinusitis can cause swelling of the eye tissue, retrobulbar inflammation or thrombosis of the orbital veins.
In case of visual impairment, seek medical help immediately.
Lesion of bones
If the inflammatory process has spread to bone tissue, then it causes osteoperiostitis. The disease can have both simple and purulent flow. This is a very serious complication with a severe clinic.
Therapy is based on the use of antibiotics. In this case, not only generic medicines are prescribed. Certain drugs are injected into the area of inflammation. Sometimes such a disease requires a surgical operation.
Neuritis of the trigeminal nerve
Complications after sinusitis are very diverse. Often, the disease causes inflammation of the trigeminal nerve. With this condition, the nerve endings close to the cerebellum swell and become inflamed, which causes acute pain. The disease is difficult to treat.
Respiratory Disturbance
As a rule, a person does not pay attention to the fact that a sinus and discharge appear in the genyantritis. In fact, the state of the maxillary sinuses greatly affects the entire body. For example, difficulty breathing through the nose can cause insomnia, which will lead to a drop in performance, asthenic condition and increased blood pressure. As a consequence, apnea syndrome may occur( stopping breathing during night sleep).
Tonsillitis and adenoids
Complications of acute sinusitis suggest the development of pathological processes in the nose and throat. With genyantritis the main impact on themselves is taken by these areas. Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses causes hypertrophy of their mucous membrane. Over time, benign neoplasms - polyps - can appear on the inflamed surface. They significantly contribute to hindering nasal breathing and cause even more swelling of the mucous membrane.
In the throat, tonsils are infectious. Their basis is lymphoid tissue. Tonsils have a complex branched structure. Thanks to this structure, the infection in them easily acclimatizes and quickly multiplies.
The inflammatory process in the tonsils is called angina. When the tonsils are affected, adenoids are formed, which resemble some polyps. But the place from the localization is the pharynx.
Lesion of the bronchi and lungs
As a result of the infection spreading from the maxillary sinuses downwards, it can injure bronchi and lungs. As a result, bronchitis or pneumonia may develop.
Pneumonia is a serious disease. And if it was preceded by sinusitis, the symptoms of airway intoxication will be more pronounced. Frequent recurrent bronchitis can provoke the development of bronchial asthma.
Sinusitis
All paranasal sinuses, frontal, latticed and maxillary, have a communication among themselves. Therefore, when the bacteria are localized in one of them, inflammation can also start in other areas.
As a rule, the frontal sinuses react primarily to the inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, which causes the frontitis. In especially severe cases, the pathological process can spread to all sinuses. This condition is called pansinusitis. Its current is heavy. The disease is accompanied by high fever and pronounced intoxication of the whole organism.
Appearance of otitis
Very often the inflammatory process, localized in the maxillary sinuses, extends to the ears. As is known, the pharynx communicates with the middle ear through a channel located in the area of the temple. This cavity is called the Eustachian tube.
Infectious process from the maxillary sinuses extends to the pharynx, and from there to the auditory tube. Penetration promotes penetration of microbes, which creates an increased pressure in the throat. Infection with mucus penetrates into the ear. This also provokes the appearance of otitis media.
The patient complains of stuffiness in the ear, then pain appears, which disturbs the patient at night. The pain is accompanied by the release of pus from the external auditory canal.
Meningoencephalitis
Otitis is terrible not only with the appearance of pain and pus. The middle and inner part of the ear is located near the membranes of the brain. A purulent process can easily spread to this area. Meningitis develops, which can cause a lethal outcome.
First, the patient complains of a severe migraine and a sudden increase in temperature. Further, there are specific neurological symptoms characterized by partial or complete loss of consciousness. The inflammatory process can affect the substance of the brain, and meningitis will be weighed down by encephalitis.
Influence of sinusitis on the internal organs of
The maxillary sinus, filled with pus, is the focus of infection. Blood and lymph can spread it across all organs. In this case, complications of maxillary sinusitis, such as myocardial, renal and joint damage, are possible.
When exposed to the myocardium, the connective tissue structures of the heart valves are destroyed. When the joints are affected, cartilage degeneration occurs. The infection of the kidneys causes such complication as nephritis. This ailment, in turn, provokes kidney failure.
The onset of sepsis
The most serious complication of sinusitis is the infection of blood. The development of sepsis is facilitated by weak immunity and a primary purulent focus. In this case he is represented by the maxillary sinuses.
With the blood, bacteria are carried to all organs in which secondary inflammation arises.
Genitalis in children
Children more often suffer from infectious and cold diseases. Untreated infections can be complicated by sinusitis.
Children in infancy are not affected, since the maxillary sinuses are not developed in them. Children older than 4 years can get sinusitis. Because of the small size of the sinuses, the symptomatology may not be so pronounced.
Complications of sinusitis in children
The main complication of maxillary sinusitis in children is otitis. Unlike adults, in children the ear is inflamed much more often. Therefore, treatment of sinusitis should be carried out as quickly as possible. It should pay attention to a prolonged runny nose in the child. If you notice that the discharge has acquired a yellowish-green color, and a putrid smell emanates from them, then this is the reason for visiting the doctor's office.
In children, sinusitis does not always cause pain and temperature.
Complications of sinusitis in children are as follows:
- inflammation of the bronchi or lungs;
- appearance of otitis, etmoiditis, or frontalitis.
In addition to these diseases, there may be sepsis, disruption of the kidney and heart, inflammation of the joints.
General recommendations
How to prevent complications of sinusitis? First of all, the disease should be treated in a timely manner. Complex therapy presupposes the use of drugs that have an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect. Antibiotics are also used.
Treatment of complications of sinusitis is sometimes a difficulty. Everything depends on the area of localization of the pathological process and the degree of prevalence of inflammation.
Drugs against germs with antritis( antiseptic) are used topically in the form of rinses, drops or irrigation.
People's ways have a good effect. But these drugs should be used in combination with drugs prescribed by a doctor.
Hygiene is very important. The process of blowing out should not be intense. It is advisable to keep the mouth open so that the mucus does not penetrate the Eustachian tube.
It should be remembered about the general strengthening methods based on the admixture of multivitamins and stimulants of the immune system. The food should be high-grade, and the situation at work and at home is optimal.
At the first suspicion of sinusitis, the laryngologist should be contacted immediately.