Diabetes is the disease of the endocrine system, which increases the sugar content in the blood. This is due to the fact that the level of insulin decreases( more complex forms of diabetes are observed in cases when it is completely absent).If you do not treat the disease in a timely manner, it can lead to the failure of various systems in the body, as well as lead to a metabolic disorder.
Types of diabetes
Diabetes mellitus can be divided into three main types:
- The first type of diabetes. This is the most complex form of the disease, in which the pancreas produces too little insulin, or does not produce it at all. Usually this diagnosis is given to people under 20 years of age. While the exact causes of the onset of such a disease are not known. Some tend to believe that it appears due to a genetic predisposition. The pancreas ceases to function, so it produces too few hormones. Others believe that diabetes appears due to a viral disease that completely affects the pancreas.
- The second type of diabetes is the most common form of the disease these days. Appears at a fairly mature age in people who are overweight. This type of disease manifests itself in about 90% of all cases of the disease. Its difference from type 1 diabetes is that the pancreas produces enough insulin, but the body does not use it correctly.
- Gestational diabetes. This phenomenon is observed in about 4% of the planet's women during the second trimester of pregnancy. Its difference from previous forms can be called that it disappears after the birth of the child.
Causes of
Disease Type 1 diabetes is developed because of an autoimmune process that has emerged because of a malfunction of the immune system. This leads to the development of antibodies in the body, which affect the cells of the pancreas, destroying it. Typically, type 1 diabetes occurs because of an infection( rubella, hepatitis, smallpox, and the like).In particular, the disease progresses rapidly if the patient is predisposed to this disease.
There is a risk of progression of type 2 diabetes in people who regularly take supplements that include selenium. In addition, the main factors that result in type 2 diabetes are obesity and heredity.
Consequence of the disease
Regardless of what causes the emergence of diabetes, it results in the following: the human body can not fully absorb glucose. It is sugar - the main source of human energy, because its excess is stored in the liver and muscles, and then can be used in critical situations. With diabetes, glucose is not absorbed, but gets into the blood and circulates along with it throughout the body. As a result - the destruction of muscle tissue and organs. Therefore, as energy, diabetics are fats. When they are cleaved, toxic substances are formed in the body, which adversely affect the brain, as well as metabolism.
Treatment of diabetes
Any form of diabetes mellitus can not be completely cured. The condition of the patient can be somewhat improved by the implementation of special measures.
- Insulin injections every day( for those with type 1 diabetes).The substance is sold in special syringes, making it easy to make injections. With the help of special strips, it is necessary to control the glucose content in urine and blood.
- The use of tablets that help reduce the level of sugar in the body. In this way, people with type 2 diabetes are used. If the disease progresses, the attending physician should prescribe injections of insulin.
- Special gymnastics, which must be done by patients. In addition, if there is excess weight, it must be disposed of for therapeutic purposes.
- A special diet that excludes the consumption of sugar, alcohol, sweet fruit. Delicious dishes for diabetics should be prepared taking into account all requirements. It is advisable to eat 4-5 times a day and in small portions. You can eat foods that contain sugar substitutes.
How to eat a diabetic?
As mentioned above, diabetic dishes should contain a minimum of sugar. It is important that they are quite nutritious. After all, sugar is the main source of energy for the body for the whole day. And if he does not eat with food, then the body can noticeably weaken. Patients should carefully proceed with the selection of products. In any case, when preparing a dish for a diabetic, you need to make it as dietary as possible. Making up the menu, you should consider some important factors: the type of illness( first or second), age, weight, the presence or absence of physical exertion.
Feeding diabetics of the first type
If a person has a disease - type 1 diabetes, then he needs to give up food with a high carbohydrate content. Only sometimes you can consume carbohydrates, which are quickly absorbed by the body. Mostly it concerns children, because it is difficult for them to completely abandon such products. However, parents should clearly monitor when and in what quantity the child ate food rich in carbohydrates. It is advisable to even keep records to control the sugar content in the blood, and also to inject insulin in a timely manner.
Dishes for type 1 diabetics include such foods:
- meat steamed without salt;
- boiled fish without salt;
- black bread;
- boiled eggs;
- vegetables;
- fruits: citrus fruits and currants;
- dairy products( cottage cheese, sour cream with low fat content and cheeses);
- chicory;
- porridge;
- vegetable salads;
- wild rose tea.
In this case, the patient must completely stop using coffee, alcohol, fried foods, flour products.
What is included in the diet of diabetics of the second type?
Dishes for type 2 diabetics should be prepared taking into account all requirements: they should be low-fat, without sugar and salt. It is desirable that the food was varied, but at the same diet.
Do not eat bread for type 2 diabetics. If this requirement can not be met, then you can eat with food one piece of grain bread. It is digested faster than flour, but it does not affect the level of sugar in the body of the patient. In day you can not eat more than 200 g of potatoes, 50 g of carrots and cabbage.
Dishes for type 2 diabetics consist of a set of products:
- buckwheat, wheat, oat or barley porridge;
- fruit or vegetable salad( choose not too sweet fruit);
- lean borsch;
- compotes and jelly without sugar;
- casseroles from fermented milk products;
- a fermented woman.
Jerusalem artichoke for diabetics
Jerusalem artichoke is the so-called earth pear. Doctors say that this vegetable is useful in diabetes of any type. It contains essential amino acids for the body, so after using such a plant, a person gets a big charge of energy for the whole day. Topinambour dishes for diabetics will perform a lot of useful properties. If you eat Jerusalem artichoke every day, the blood sugar level will decrease significantly, and the pancreas will normalize. Nutritionists advise diabetics to replace potatoes with Jerusalem artichoke. From the vegetable you can cook anything: soups, cereals, stews. It would be just a wish.
If there is excess weight?
Recipes for diabetics of type 2 overweight should be light, with a minimum carbohydrate content. In addition, patients should consolidate their results by performing physical exercises. The complex should not be chosen independently: it should be developed in conjunction with the attending physician, taking into account the features of the disease course.
You can also seek help from a dietician who will tell you which recipes for diabetics of type 2 with overweight can be eaten. One of the most common dishes among diabetics is "String beans with onions."For its preparation you will need:
- beans - about 400 g;
- onion;
- flour;
- lemon juice;
- garlic - 1 clove;
- tomato;
- greens to taste.
Below is presented how a dish for diabetics is prepared( with a photo that is under the recipe).
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- In a frying pan, melt the butter, add finely chopped onions and flour.
- Dilute tomato with water and add lemon juice with herbs, garlic.
- The resulting mixture should be poured into a frying pan.
- Separately boil the beans until cooked, then pour into a frying pan and put out a little.
Delicious and healthy food
If diabetic foods are dietary, then this does not mean that they are not tasty. On the contrary, food can be cooked in such a way that it can be treated to healthy people, but they would not see a significant difference. In this case, it is not even necessary to have skills in cooking. It is enough to just use the recommendations and recipes that are listed below.
Delicious dishes for diabetics should be well cooked, so that they do not retain harmful bacteria, which can have a detrimental effect on the pancreas. Useful are also products that have little or no taste of their own( zucchini or buckwheat).
The second dishes for diabetics from zucchini are quite tasty and satisfying. To cook zucchini stew, you need to take zucchini, cauliflower, a little butter, onions, sour cream and tomato. In a frying pan in butter, pass onion, then add chopped cauliflower. Add the sour-tomato sauce, put it out a little. At the end, pour the diced cubes and put out another 10 minutes.