Secondarily wrinkled kidney: causes, symptoms, treatment, prognosis

Patients encountering urological pathologies, hear from the doctors the term parenchyma of the kidney. What is it, most often, experts are not asked and remain in ignorance.

The concept and main functions of the parenchyma of the kidney

Parenchyma is the basic tissue of the organ. Its constituent parts are cells of the brain( inner layer) and cortical( outer layer) matter. The structure of the tissue is smooth, looks like a capsule, in which the organ and elements of the urinary system are placed.

The main function of the parenchyma is the removal of metabolic products from the body and, as a consequence, the creation of conditions for the preservation of the natural internal state of the organ.

The thickness of the kidney tissue in a healthy person in the middle age group is from 15 to 23 millimeters. If the patient has ever had infectious diseases, there are untreated inflammatory and chronic processes of the urinary system, this will lead to thinning of the tissue. However, the parenchyma has the capacity for gradual recovery.

Now you will not be scared of the term kidney parenchyma, what it is and what its functions are, it became known.

Distinctive features of the primary and secondary form of the disease

Primary and secondarily wrinkled kidney differences are insignificant. They are the factor that triggered the development of pathology - a concomitant disease.

Patients who have been diagnosed with damage to their own tissues of the arteries develop a primarily wrinkled kidney. The main precursors of this form of pathology are: high blood pressure, at which hypertensive crises are observed, and lung diseases of the cardiac and vascular system.

If the patient has abnormalities of the excretory system, he begins to thin out and lose his functional ability of the parenchyma, accordingly, a pathology develops-a secondarily wrinkled kidney.

Etiology

When studying the pathology, one should know the reasons for the development of such a disease as a secondarily wrinkled kidney:

• infectious organ damage by tuberculosis bacteria;
• bacterial damage of kidney tubules of a non-specific nature;
• lesion of the glomerulus;
• formation of concrements in the cavity of the organ;
• diabetes mellitus.

All these diseases lead to a violation of blood circulation. Lack of blood leads to unilateral or bilateral wrinkling of the organ. The process can last for years, and in weakened places, first the connective tissue grows, and then the scar is formed.

Given that the secondarily wrinkled kidney causes the formation of different, and against her background develops kidney failure, in urology this diagnosis is quite common. Each patient needs regular medical examination and the procedure of extrarenal blood purification, which allows removing toxic substances from the body.

Clinical picture and mechanism of formation of

At the first examination, doctors can not make a final diagnosis. However, there are a number of symptomatic manifestations, which are characteristic exclusively for nephrosclerosis. The most striking is the disruption of urinary excretion, which the patient indicates when collecting an anamnesis. Analysis of biological material shows that the daily rate is exceeded. At night, more urine is excreted, rather than during the day.

To less obvious manifestations include:

1. The presence of protein in the urine.
2. Specific gravity of urine is below normal.
3. Arterial blood pressure is consistently high.
4. There have been cases of hypertensive crisis.
5. There are pains in the lumbar region.

Secondarily wrinkled kidney is a macro preparation, for which a characteristic feature is the partial preservation of the shape, while reducing weight and size. With the progression of the pathology, the color of the organ changes. In the initial stage, the kidney has a clear shade of blood, and if it lacks the organ acquires a gray tint, visible scars appear on the surface. Places of hemorrhage are not detected.

Probable cause of clinical indicators is primarily the deposition and clogging of the renal vessels with cholesterol plaques, which led to the development of hypertension. As secondary causes are often pathologies of the stroma, tubules and glomeruli, for example, inflammation or dystrophy.

A preliminary outcome of treatment may be beneficial, provided that the patient is diagnosed with a primary wrinkled kidney. Treatment by regular hemodialysis will lead to the development of chronic type of suburhemia.

In the conclusions, doctors often indicate such a fact as a physiological change in the parenchyma( a degeneration occurs in the connective tissue).

The clinical picture shows a diagnosis: a secondarily wrinkled kidney.

Methods for the modern diagnosis of

The information obtained from the initial examination and the results of the tests is not enough to finally diagnose the patient. In this situation, doctors resort to modern diagnostic techniques, allowing to establish the cause, shape and severity of pathology.

So, the patient can be assigned:

• general and clinical blood test;
• repeated urinalysis;
• ultrasound diagnosis of kidney;
• X-ray of the lumbar region;
• magnetic resonance imaging;
• contrast computer diagnostics.

In most cases, several tests and one complete body scan are possible, possibly using a contrast medium.

At the first consultation, the doctor must conduct a thorough history review. This will establish whether a lifestyle is acceptable to the patient, whether he has chronic or concomitant pathologies, whether there has ever been treatment of the genitourinary system. Mandatory palpation of the kidneys and examination of the skin for rashes.

A qualified and experienced urologist can correctly prescribe the treatment and diagnose a "secondarily wrinkled kidney".

Therapeutic methods of elimination of pathology

The pathology of the "secondarily wrinkled kidney" treatment primarily involves symptomatic and aimed at combating the underlying cause that triggered the development of the disease.

In cases where the patient has pathology solely accompanied by hypertension, and the symptoms of renal failure do not appear, doctors prescribe a salt-free diet.

If the symptoms of renal insufficiency are identified, the primary abolition of medications that lower blood pressure. The diet includes refusing to eat meat in all types, including meat broths. This will help reduce the amount of nitrogenous toxins.

If primary treatment is ineffective, surgical intervention accompanied by hemodialysis and donor organ transplantation is necessary.

Recommended diet for

disease A salt-free diet provides for the exclusion of such foods: meat, fish, citrus. Prohibited acute, sour, salty and spicy. It is also necessary to completely abandon coffee drinks and pure coffee, smoked products and sausages, chocolate, sorrel, onions and garlic, spinach and asparagus.

The daily volume of liquid must be monitored. It should not exceed one and a half liters, including the first dishes.

The use of animal protein should be kept to a minimum. Ideally, it should be replaced with vegetable or soy. Caloric content of food should be high, with the content of polyunsaturated acids. Consumption of products containing phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, should be reduced.

How to prevent the development of nephrosclerosis

Measures to prevent disease are very extensive, but the main ones are as follows:

1. It is necessary to treat infectious diseases in time.
2. Observe the dietary regime.
3. Monitor the metabolism.
4. Prevent the development of diseases of the genitourinary system.
5. Maintain an active lifestyle.
6. Do not allow injuries to the kidneys.
7. Drink only purified water.

Patients who are prone to developing kidney pathologies are advised to undergo regular checkups at the nephrologist.

Recovery prognosis

In most cases, the diagnosis of "secondarily wrinkled kidney" prognosis for recovery is unfavorable. It is impossible to completely overcome the disease, you can only maintain a stable state of the patient.

Under certain conditions and if possible, it is necessary to perform an operation on kidney transplantation.