The eye is a special sensory organ that helps practically every person to navigate in space, to know the world. It is he who can give the most complete information about what surrounds us. That is why various visual impairments bring not only discomfort, but also are capable of disorienting a person and depriving him of some certainty.
Frequent vision impairments are myopia and hyperopia.
Features of myopia
Nearsightedness( what is it, you can learn from this article), or, in other words, myopia - a visual impairment, in which a person can quite well see objects only at close range, and those that are in the distance, he seesbadly. In this case, the image focus falls not on the retina itself( which occurs with normal vision), but in front of it. This means that the rays are refracted more than necessary.
This disease occurs in every third person on the planet.
Major symptoms of
disability Myopia( which is described above) is characterized by specific visual impairment. In addition to the fact that a person ceases to see objects well away from themselves, short-sightedness is characterized by the following symptoms:
- contours of objects are blurred;
- the world that surrounds the patient merges into one;
- sight near does not suffer at all.
Depending on which stage of myopia in a person, the quality of the image of distant objects can vary from slight fuzziness of contours to full blurring, in some cases even a few meters from itself.
In the case where a person's myopia is combined with astigmatism, the attendant symptoms may be:
- double vision;
- distortion of the outlines of objects;
- straight lines can be perceived as curved.
Degrees of myopia
Myopia in children and adults can be of different degrees:
- A weak degree of impairment( less than 3 diopters) indicates an eye length of about 1 mm more than normal, with the outlines of the subjects slightly blurred.
- The average degree( less than 6 diopters) is characteristic of the eyes, which are much longer than normal. As a rule, in such people, the membranes and vessels of the eye are strongly stretched, which leads to retinal dystrophy. Good vision is maintained at a distance of 20-30 cm.
- High degree( more than 6 diopters) is the most severe stage of myopia development. The eye under such disorders is modified, the retina is very thin. This also applies to the choroid. The patient can distinguish between the fingers at arm's length, but reads only in the immediate vicinity of the eyes, no more than 10 cm.
The more serious the degree of disturbance, the more thin and elongated the eyes are.
Risk factors that lead to a violation of
The main reasons why myopia can develop in children and adults are:
- genetic predisposition;
- weakening of scleral tissues;
- excessive eye strain( reading in poor lighting, in transport, a lot of time spent in front of a TV or computer);
- mechanical injuries( during labor or brain damage);
- lacks certain trace elements, the action of which is directed to the synthesis of sclera( in particular, zinc, copper and chromium are needed for this).
Methods of fighting
Myopia( which is described above) is a disease that is very well treatable and corrected. There are several methods that help get rid of the manifestations of the disease:
- Contact correction. This method of treatment involves the use of glasses or contact lenses, depending on the severity of the disorder. Glasses can be used as a permanent corrector, lenses are also recommended to be worn occasionally.
- Medication. In this case, medications are used that can normalize the nutrition of the eye tissues. However, it is worthwhile to understand that vitamins, antioxidants, various regeneration stimulators can not completely eliminate myopia. They only prevent possible complications and will support the muscles of the eye in a tone.
- Hardware treatment. This method includes various techniques aimed at improving the nutrition of the retina, as well as eliminating the spasm of accommodation. Myopia is the most popular visual impairment, in which this method of treatment is shown. It is also used as a means of recovery after surgery.
- Surgical treatment. As a rule, laser correction of vision is used in specialized clinics.
Prevention of myopia
It is always easier to prevent a disease than to treat it later. This also applies to myopia.
To prevent a violation, it is very important to strictly observe the hygiene of vision, and the earlier you start to do this, the higher the probability of preventing the appearance of a problem.
You also need to monitor the correctness of the landing and the level of illumination during work at the table, reading. Try not to overexert your eyes and periodically let them relax, you can even perform certain exercises with myopia. Click on certain points:
- with little fingers - on the hollow over the internal adhesion of the eyelids,
- with index fingers - on 2 cm of cavity on the bone,
- with the third phalanx of the index finger rub the orbit,
- with the little fingers - the point between the end of the eyebrow and the external eye adhesion.
The number of pressures must be 36 times for each point.
In addition, follow the diet: it should be enough vitamins and trace elements.
If you began to suspect that your nearsightedness is developing( which is what you can learn from the article), do not be afraid to contact your doctor. If you do it on time, you can prevent the development of complications and continue to enjoy the world around you.