Transfusion of blood with low hemoglobin: consequences, procedure description and treatment characteristics

Noise in the ears, weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath - all these are signs that may indicate the patient has anemia. If you suspect that you have low hemoglobin( anemia), the causes, symptoms and manifestations of the illness described in this article will help you understand how to overcome this ailment.

General manifestations of the disease

It should be noted that the decrease in hemoglobin in the blood of physicians is not classified as a separate pathology, but the condition has a number of typical symptoms by which it can be recognized.

Naturally, the detailed data on the composition of the blood can be learned from the results of a general analysis. However, not all people go to the polyclinic regularly for medical examinations. To advise on a visit to a doctor should have such symptoms:

• regular headaches and migraines;
• feeling of general weakness;
• state of lack of sleep;
• loss of strength or fatigue;
• cardiac arrhythmias and dyspnoea attacks;
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• weak concentration and memory;
• low blood pressure;
• lack of appetite;
• is a disordered menstrual cycle in women;
• problems with potency in men;
• syncope.

With a careful attitude to their health, based on the symptoms, a person may suspect that he has low hemoglobin. Whether blood transfusion is necessary in such a case or sufficient local treatment, the doctor will say only after a complete examination of the patient.

Alarming signs of a decrease in hemoglobin level

If a patient does not seek medical help for a long time and lives with the symptoms described above, oxygen starvation is progressing in his body, the function of exchanging carbon dioxide is broken and an incorrect acid-base balance is created.

However, this is not the worst - there are signs that indicate the seriousness of the process and pose a real threat to life and health. Among them, the doctors distinguish the following:

1. Respiratory function disorder.
2. Constant diarrhea and vomiting.
3. Skin loses pink shade, becomes pale and rough.
4. Hair stops growing, becoming dry and brittle.
5. On the nails appear spots and signs of a fungal infection.
6. There are cracks and ulcers in the corners of the mouth.
7. Against the background of absent or unnecessarily low immunity the patient regularly suffers from colds.
8. In the evening he has cramps in the muscles of his legs.
9. Changing taste preferences( you want something unusual: chalk, lime, clay or earth), smell also suffers, and the person smells like acetone and gasoline.

Suspected of low hemoglobin? Symptoms, causes, effects may vary slightly in each clinical case. Therefore, considering this fact, it is recommended to consult a doctor without delay if at least one or more symptoms appear. The specialist will appoint a full examination and the necessary tests.

Not everyone can understand why such a state is developing, which means that it is necessary to consider the causes in detail.

Insufficient amount of iron

Everyone knows by hearsay that in order to replenish hemoglobin in the blood, it is necessary to provide the body with enough iron. An important trace element gets into the blood through the food that people use. With an improper diet, when there are no iron-containing foods, the minimum daily norm( 10-20 mg) is not collected. In such situations, a rapid decrease in hemoglobin is observed.

The diagnosis of doctors in these cases is: "iron deficiency anemia, or anemia."This is a fairly serious disease, and its progression makes it necessary to prescribe a blood transfusion at a low hemoglobin. The consequences of the procedure will be discussed a little later.

Non-Absorption of Iron by the Body

Unfortunately, even if a person receives the minimum daily dose of a microelement, this is not enough. It is necessary to make sure that iron is absorbed in the body. It is a complex internal chemical process, in which many reagents participate. Therefore, together with products containing iron, it is necessary that the body get vitamin B( 1, 6, 9, 12), PP and C. They act as catalysts. Also, for the assimilation you need a complete folic acid.

If we consider other causes of a drop in hemoglobin, then they include gastrointestinal diseases and insufficient production of enzymes, which is mostly observed in patients of the older age group.

Hemoglobin production is also impeded by the active vital activity of parasitic bacteria. The most dangerous is the tapeworm, which absorbs all the folic acid that enters the body. The indicators on average fall by almost 30%.But here the question arises: if you do a blood transfusion with a low hemoglobin, the effectiveness of the procedure will be reduced or not? Doctors give a positive answer, but it is paramount to struggle with parasites.

Loss of hemoglobin

Some patients experience a regular decrease in hemoglobin levels during normal production. The reason for this is hidden bleeding. They occur with injuries, injuries and after various operations, as well as with the systematic donation of blood.

Indications for blood transfusion

Many people who have experienced this problem are concerned about: blood transfusion with low hemoglobin - is it dangerous? First, we'll figure it out when the doctors unreservedly prescribe the procedure.

It should be noted at once that this procedure is an extreme case and is prescribed only when other therapeutic methods are powerless. Indications for it are:

• diagnosed heart defects;
• acute blood loss;
• cerebral atherosclerosis;
• cardiac or pulmonary insufficiency;
• need urgent surgical intervention.

For the procedure use whole blood or erythrocyte mass. When blood transfusion is prescribed at a low hemoglobin, what consequences will result from this, it depends on how the person perceives the donor composition.

Often, the procedure is also carried out for people with persistent anemia. This is due to the fact that even at rest they suffer from tachycardia and shortness of breath, and the hemoglobin level does not exceed the figure of 60 grams per liter.

Technique for performing blood transfusion

When blood transfusion is performed with low hemoglobin, the consequences largely depend on the professionalism of the procedure. Doctors adhere to the following algorithm of actions:

1. Patient examination and collection of anamnesis( analyzes, contraindications, clarification of previous procedures of this type, whether there were pregnancies).
2. Double definition of blood type and Rh factor( laboratory and at the location of the procedure), with the results to be identical.
3. Selection of ideally suited donor blood. The process involves: hermetic packing of the contents, the presence of the donor's name, the number and lot of blood, the Rh factor of the donor, where the liquid was taken and with which preservative, the signature of the responsible doctor and the expiration date. If something does not exist or there are inconsistencies, the transfusion is not performed.
4. Re-examination of the selected blood group.
5. Check the individual compatibility of patient and donor blood.
6. Test of compatibility of the Rh factor of the patient and the donor.
7. Biological sample( triple injection of selected blood to a patient of 25 milliliters each).With no side effects, the process continues.
8. Drip introduction of blood. The average speed is 40-60 drops per minute. Only the erythrocyte mass is administered under the constant supervision of the doctor, the pressure, respiration and pulse of the patient are monitored, the skin is examined.
9. Finally, 15 milliliters of donor blood are left mixed with the serum of the patient. The mass of 48 hours is stored( necessary for the analysis in case of complications).
10. The patient must remain in the clinic for 2 hours after transfusion and 24 hours under the supervision of a specialist. After 24 hours, blood and urine are given for analysis.

If the technology is not violated, the consequences of a blood transfusion with a low hemoglobin will not be associated with complications.

Consequences of the

transfusion As practice shows, if a blood transfusion was performed with a low hemoglobin, complications in the form of complications develop mainly in female patients. In some cases, complications can arise if extensive transfusion of blood or an artificial substitute has been performed.

In a small number of patients, complications occur in a latent form, which is the result of the introduction of incompatible blood.

Than the procedure

is dangerous. Blood transfusion with low hemoglobin consequences only if the patient has been injected with an unsuitable erythrocyte mass. However, they will be visible already at the second injection from the biological blood, after which the process must be stopped immediately.

Consequences of blood transfusion with low hemoglobin are manifested in a restless state of the patient, impaired breathing, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, vomiting or urge to it. All this is an experienced doctor will immediately notice and take measures to stop the process. Therefore, we can say that the professional introduction of the mass is safe for the patient's life.