Amorphous phosphates in urine - what does this mean? Amorphous phosphates in urine during pregnancy and in the child: causes

It is not uncommon for a chemical analysis of human urine to show an excess of the rate of such an index as amorphous phosphates in urine. What does this mean, what is fraught and for what reasons does it arise? These questions will be dealt with in our article.

Chemical composition of human waste products

Urine is a product of human life. It is excreted by the kidneys as a result of blood filtration. The chemical composition of urine, determined in laboratory studies, is important in the diagnosis of human pathological conditions. The norm is considered to be a clear liquid of light yellow color, however, the color of urine can be modified when a person consumes certain foods or when taking medications. Possible deviations of the urine composition from the normal state indicate abnormalities that occur in the body and are the result of an incorrect metabolism. For example, the sugar found in the analysis may indicate the presence of diabetes in a person;but protein or urinary cylinders signal about possible kidney diseases - nephritis.

Predominantly human urine consists of water, however, in addition, it consists of the decomposition products of proteins and salts - oxalates, urates and phosphates. In normal kidney work, phosphates, like other minerals in urine, are present in small amounts. However, there are situations in which excess urinary salts are observed. And not only in an adult conditionally healthy population. Elevated salts, including amorphous phosphates, in the urine of an infant, in pregnant women are also common.

Types of salts in the urine. Urids

Urates are salts that fall in the urine sediment when eating foods rich in special organic compounds - purine derivatives. Such products include meat, meat by-products, sardines, herring, sprats, beans, as well as cocoa beans and chocolate. In addition, the frequent presence in the diet of mushrooms and smoked products will immediately affect the chemical composition of urine.

In addition to consumed food, the factors that lead to the occurrence of urate in the urine are:

• physical load;
• a great loss of fluid with diarrhea, vomiting, profuse perspiration;
• gout;
• of leukemia.

To bring the urate content in the urine back to normal, it is recommended:

• to consume the required amount of liquid per day( at least 1.5-2 liters);
• drink mineral water containing alkali;
• saturate the diet with food containing calcium, magnesium, zinc;
• monitor for a sufficient level of vitamin A and B vitamins in the body;
• eat eggs, dairy products, vegetables, fruits, flour products, cereals - that is, products that do not contain purine derivatives.

Oxalates

If the human diet is oversaturated with products rich in oxalic acid( herbs: spinach, parsley, celery, sorrel), as well as vitamin C( radish, beets, apples, currants, rosehips, ascorbic acid, citrus), then in most cases the chemicalthe urine test will reflect the increased content of salts such as oxalates in it.

However, excess oxalate may be a consequence of congenital metabolic disorders in the body of oxalic acid, leading to an inflammatory process in the kidneys or stones in the genitourinary system. Crystals of these salts often damage the mucous membrane, cause irritation of the urinary tract. Also, oxalates can occur in the urine with pyelonephritis, diabetes, intestinal diseases, ulcerative colitis.

To reduce the concentration of this type of salt in the urine, it is recommended:

• to increase the amount of liquid consumed( the daily norm should be up to two liters);
• use foods rich in magnesium( seafood, herring, sea kale, millet, oats);
• follow the level in the body of B vitamins.

Phosphaturia

The increase in the urine amount of salts leads to its turbidity, however, it is only laboratory analysis that can determine which salts predominate in excess. If the sediment contains elevated phosphates, in such a situation it is said that the phosphaturia is developing. However, the excessive presence of phosphate in the urine is, rather, not a disease, but a syndrome that in most cases reflects a certain diet of a person. Often the vegetarianism and the failure of a human animal protein result in phophaturia. Causal relationships are as follows. For the processing of carbohydrates and proteins, an acidic medium is needed, however, the need for it gradually decreases if the products containing these components do not enter the body. Simultaneously, the production of alkali is increased, and salt-phosphates begin to predominate in the urine.

It is believed that in normal human urine has a weakly acid medium. However, a change in the acid-base balance( in the alkaline side) suggests that there have been disturbances in the body. Perhaps, amorphous phosphates in urine are increased.

Causes of phosphaturia

Phosphates can be found in the urine of a healthy person if their diet constantly contains food rich in phosphorus( fermented milk products, fish, caviar, milk, porridge: oatmeal, pearl barley, buckwheat).To reduce the content of this type of salt, you must reduce the intake of vitamin D in the body - rarely eat eggs, caviar, liver, cheese. Along with other minerals and microelements, a person needs calcium, but if it is not digested and actively excreted from the body along with urine, a chemical analysis of urine will testify to this. The cause of phosphaturia may be a lack of fluid. Similar conditions are typical for diarrhea, vomiting, profuse sweating. Of course, elevated urinary phosphate can be evidence of various pathologies in the human body, for example, cystitis, fever, Fanconi syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, gastritis, diabetes, pulmonary tuberculosis. However, these cases are quite rare. It is important to remember that the level of phosphate in urine itself does not indicate the presence of pathology. Urine analysis should be evaluated by a specialist in a comprehensive manner - all its indicators must be taken into account.

Education of kidney stones. Treatment of

Excess in the urine of various salts can lead in the future to the formation of stones and the development of urolithiasis. This pathology is called urolithiasis and is diagnosed only on the basis of an ultrasound study. Education of phosphate stones - pathology is rare, however, it is well treatable. Phosphate stones have a soft consistency and a porous structure, they have a smooth and even surface. Due to such properties, phosphates are easily dissolved and easily removed from the body. Prior to surgery in the therapy of urolithiasis, it usually does not work.

The treatment of urolithiasis is based on the use of pharmacological agents that soften stones. Further, phosphate stones are subjected to remote shock wave lithotripsy by means of a special apparatus. Several sessions of this therapy break up the salt formations into smaller components, which are later easily removed from the body by natural means.

Treatment of urolithiasis is a necessary measure, otherwise the probability of development in a person of various complications - renal colic, malignant tumors of the renal pelvis, sepsis.

Amorphous phosphates in urine during pregnancy

During pregnancy, women often develop phosphaturia, however, as a rule, this phenomenon is not dangerous. In most cases this syndrome is caused by a change in the habitual way of life and diet. Against the backdrop of toxicosis, which is accompanied by vomiting or diarrhea, a woman's taste preferences may change. The desire to switch to easier food - vegetables, fruits, yoghurts - and refuse to eat meat leads to a change in the acid-base balance of the body - urine becomes alkaline.

In addition to changing the diet to the formation of excess salts in the urine may lead to other factors. For example, violations in the work of the kidneys and urinary tract. Phosphates may indicate the presence of kidney stones, so pregnant women are often sent to the ultrasound diagnosis and further consultation of the nephropathologist in order to find out the reasons that led to the appearance of phosphaturia.

There is one more reason that causes increased phosphate formation in expectant mothers - physiological. During pregnancy, a woman has a higher level of progesterone in her blood. This hormone relaxes the muscles, accordingly, affects the ureters - they are stagnant in their urine. As a consequence, the salts precipitate. However, amorphous phosphates during pregnancy do not form stones, therefore, as a rule, the situation is corrected only by changing the daily diet. Improve the outflow of urine is helped by regular walking walks.

Diet of pregnant women with phosphaturia

During pregnancy, women are often offered to adhere to a special diet that minimizes the consumption of foods that alkalinize urine and lead to the formation of excess phosphates. In this category fall:

• dairy products;
• spices and spices;
• simple carbohydrates( white flour products, sugar, white rice);
• fizzy drinks;
• vegetables, herbs, berries, fruits;
• rich broth;
• strong tea, coffee, cocoa.

Eating a pregnant woman with phosphaturia is reduced to eating animal protein, cereals, whole grains, bran, liver, oil. Among vegetables it is necessary to allocate brussels sprouts, pumpkin, asparagus. Cowberry and red currant are allowed. Consuming less salt will solve the problem of fluid retention in the body.

It is important to monitor the amount of liquid consumed, as well as its quality - it is recommended to drink filtered( unboiled) water. You can use sour morses from cranberries or cranberries. It would be superfluous to receive vitamin complexes.

Increased salt content in children

There are several factors that cause a state where amorphous phosphates in the urine of a child exceed the permissible values:

• food that the baby uses for food;
• presence in the body of pathology - rickets.

If the phosphaturia syndrome is caused by a food imbalance, the situation is adjusted quite simply. If the formation of elevated phosphate levels is a consequence of the disease - everything is much more complicated.

Rickets is a disease that occurs in pre-school children, which causes a disruption of the formation of bone tissue due to a lack of minerals, vitamin D deficiency. This pathology requires a competent approach to the treatment and replenishment of vitamins in the body. Rickets are treated only in a specialized hospital.

Symptoms of the disease most often occur before the age of two:

• deformity of the lower extremities in the knee or ankle region;
• frequent fractures of the limbs;
• reduction of the size of the upper limbs.

Among other things, increased amorphous phosphate in the urine of a child may be due to the not fully established mechanism for the exchange of microelements in the body. However, if the child does not have any pathologies, a laboratory analysis of the chemical composition of urine does not have decisive properties.

It should always be remembered that amorphous phosphates in the urine in large quantities - it is the body's signal that certain metabolic processes occur in the metabolic processes and the situation should be corrected, eliminating the cause of the syndrome that has arisen. However, it is impossible to completely reject products containing phosphates. Phosphorus is a macronutrient, without which the functioning of the musculoskeletal system is simply impossible.