Teeth are one of the most important human organs involved in the digestive system. Disregarding care of them is fraught with serious health problems. Therefore it is very important to know about these bone formations as much as possible. The theme of our review will be the name of the teeth.
The importance of teeth in the human body
The purpose of the teeth in the human body is to grab food, grind it and hold it during the food process. In addition, they play an important role in sound-forming processes, that is, they participate in the formation of speech. Do not forget about the aesthetic function.
A person with diseased teeth has an incomplete process of primary food processing, which under certain conditions can cause various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the defeat of the nerve is often accompanied by very strong pain that does not contribute to a full and fruitful life. Oral cavity with diseased teeth serves as a carrier of infections through the body. Pathogens also enter the respiratory tract. In the end, many people are simply uncomfortable to be in the company of people with aching teeth, which do not smell badly from the mouth.
Therefore, oral care should be a daily occupation of each person. To do this, at least twice a day you need to brush your teeth with toothpaste, and also perform other mandatory hygiene procedures.
In this regard, an important role is played by the level of public awareness of the role of these bone formations, their structure and ways of caring for them. Now we learn the name of a person's teeth.
Types of teeth
All without exception natural teeth in humans are divided into two types: dairy and indigenous.
The first of these are temporary. Dairy is the name of a child's teeth. They appear gradually after birth. In exceptional cases, the baby is already born with milk teeth. They are temporary and after a certain period of development they drop out. The name of them is related to the fact that they begin to appear in the period when the child is feeding on his mother's milk.
Indigenous - this is the name of a person's teeth, which replace dairy. They are permanent and do not grow after damage or fallout. Therefore, it is necessary to remember the important role of the process of leaving just behind this kind of teeth, which does not renew itself independently.
A complete replacement of the molar teeth by the radical occurs before the age of majority of the person. In addition, in this period, grow up those that are not available among dairy.
Types of teeth
In addition to species, human teeth are divided into types. This division is related to their structure and the functions they perform. In accordance with a specific type, the name of the teeth is formed - fangs, molars, premolars, incisors.
The function of incisors involves grasping food, fangs - tearing it, premolars - punching, and molars - grinding.
Dental formula
Thus, we determined, according to the types and types, the name of the teeth. The scheme of their location is called the dental formula. It is written in the form of a digital-letter expression, but it can also be displayed in a graphical form.
The dental formula of a mature person and a child with milk teeth is different. This is quite natural. There are also significant differences between the dental formulas of representatives of different animal species.
The number of teeth is determined for each half of the jaw. In the overwhelming majority of cases, each part of the jaw has the same set of teeth, unless, of course, they are not susceptible to mechanical damage or illness.
The dental formula of a mature healthy person is as follows:
I2 ÷ 2-C1 ÷ 1-P2 ÷ 2-M3 ÷ 3.
In this formula, letters denote specific types of teeth( I - incisors, C - canines, P-premolars, M-molars).The denominator is the number of upper teeth, and in the numerator - the lower teeth.
For comparison, we give the elephant's dental formula. It will look like this:
I1 ÷ 0-C0 ÷ 0-P3 ÷ 3-M3 ÷ 3.
As you can see, this animal has one upper pair of incisors, and the lower one is missing at all. He has absolutely no fangs. But instead of them, the elephant has on each jaw a couple of premolars more than a man. But the number of molars they have equal. No less differences from the human dental formula have the scheme data of the organs of other animals.
The name of baby teeth in children
We will begin this excursion with the name of baby teeth. The child on each jaw consistently appears two incisors, two lateral incisors, four molars, two canines. In this regard, the name of children's teeth is no different from adults. The main difference between the formulas is the number of bone formations. A child has ten milk teeth on each jaw, in all - twenty. The adult has 32 of them. Only they are permanent. Here, perhaps, and all the difference. All the rest is the same( form, function, name of teeth).The layout of the children's teeth is below.
The timing of the appearance of baby teeth
Now let's find out when specific types of baby teeth appear.
Lower central incisors appear in a child between the ages of six to seven months, the upper central incisors from eight to nine months, the upper lateral incisors from nine to eleven months, the lower lateral incisors from eleven to thirteen months. The upper and lower first molars are from twelve to fifteen months;fangs - from eighteen to twenty months. The last cut through the second molars. Their appearance should be expected in the period from 2 to 3 years.
However, if a tooth has erupted earlier or later than the mentioned dates, this is not considered a deviation from the norm.
Duration of the emergence of permanent teeth
Replacement of dental teeth also often begins with the incisors. But sometimes even before this grow the first molars, which are not available among dairy. This event takes place in six to seven years. Then there is a gradual replacement of milk teeth with permanent ones. Each child has its own deadlines for this process, and there are no clear rules. At the very end, the second and third molars( or molars) are cut. If the latter appear at eleven to thirteen years, then the third molars erupt after sixteen. They are called wisdom teeth and can appear at virtually any stage of a person's development after reaching that age.
Permanent teeth arrangement
After we have studied the name of the teeth in a child, let's move on to the mentioned organs of an adult. Permanent teeth include four central incisors, four second incisors, four canines, eight premolars and eight molars. Only twenty-eight teeth.
In addition, already in adulthood, another molar can be formed - the wisdom teeth mentioned earlier. The name is due to the fact that they appear in most cases in a person after 18 years of age. That is, already when he acquired a certain worldly experience. Often, because the growth of wisdom teeth causes purulent inflammation, they have to be removed. But still, dentists do not always resort to this rather radical reception. In some cases, the growth of this "extreme" tooth is almost imperceptible for a person. In other circumstances, treatment is prescribed.
Anatomy of the tooth
The tooth is divided into two main parts - the crown and the root.
Crown - this visible part, covered with enamel, which protects bone formation from mechanical and other damages. Next comes the dentin layer. It is the main part of the tooth responsible for its strength. After dentin, a layer of cement covering the root of the tooth follows.
The function of the crown is to directly grasp food, tear it, chew and grind it, depending on the type of tooth.
The root is the part of the tooth that we do not see with the naked eye. It is located below the level of the gum. The name of the root of the teeth corresponds to the name of the tooth itself. So it is not necessary to memorize them specially. In the root are such constituent parts of it as pulp, nerve fibers, arterial vessels, venous vessels, root cement, root canal, apical opening. Its main functions are feeding the tooth through the circulatory system of the body, and also fixing it to the jaw.
Root canals are the name of the tooth canals. It is on them that nutrients rise to the organ we are considering. Currently, eight types of root canals are identified, which are called according to their numbering.
The tooth itself, however, is part of a broader concept. Together with the wall of the alveoli, the gum and periodontium, it forms the dental organ.
Cutters
After examining the names of the teeth in dentistry and their structure, let us dwell on specific types. Let's start with the incisors. It is with this type of teeth that the first contact of food takes place. A person grabs food and breaks it. With these functions of the incisors, their peculiar structure is connected. They have a chisel shape. And the width of the upper incisors is twice that of the lower ones. They play a more active role in the process of primary chewing food.
The man has two incisors on each jaw.
Fangs
After cutting the food in the work is transferred to the canine teeth. Their task is to break the food so that it can be further crushed by other types of teeth.
The structure of the canines corresponds to the functions they perform. They are the most acute form among all human teeth. The main working part of the canines is the cutting edges. The peculiarity is that the upper canines are larger than their lower "colleagues".
This type of teeth is located on one pair on each human jaw.
Premolars
Premolars are called differently by small molars. Their function includes squeezing and pinching food. Unlike incisors and canines, premolars have not one, but two roots. In each half of one jaw there are two small molars. The first of them bears some resemblance to the canine, and the second - with the molar. And it is the first small molar tooth that is slightly larger than the second. Like all other human teeth, premolars are larger than the bottom ones.
Molars
Molars are otherwise called large molars. They are located further from the premolars to the edge of the jaw. The tasks of this type of teeth include the final grinding of food. This is the last stage of its mechanical treatment on the way to the esophagus and stomach. In addition to purely physical effects, the softening of food is facilitated by the effect of saliva. Thus, before getting into the esophagus, the food gets the appearance of gruel.
Molars are larger than premolars. They have an extremely pronounced cube shape. In addition, they have three roots. The upper large molars, as usual, are larger than the lower ones.
The peculiarity of molars is that their number is not clearly distributed. It can vary from four to six on each jaw. This is due to the fact that at different stages of a person's life one molar can grow at the end of a row of teeth. As already mentioned above, these education data are called wisdom teeth, and in some cases they are subject to removal.
It's on the molars that the human dentition ends.
Compliance with oral hygiene
Of course, compliance with the rules of oral hygiene is a very important factor for the normal functioning of the whole body and its aesthetic appearance.
The procedure for daily brushing of teeth with paste or gel should be mandatory, because it affects not only their health, but also the health of the whole body. First of all, caries is dangerous, destroying the enamel and the tooth itself. A significant threat to the health of dental organs is also parodontosis, gingivitis, tartar and other diseases.
In addition, for preventive purposes, you must visit the dentist once every six months.
Of course, the name of the teeth for the procedure of prevention and care of them is not necessary to know, but in general educational purposes this information will not interfere, but, on the contrary, will promote further medical education of the population.
General results of
In this review we learned not only the name of the teeth, but also got acquainted with their structure and functions. This should greatly expand the understanding of the digestive process as a whole. In addition, emphasis was placed on the importance of maintaining oral hygiene for human health.
The complex of this information contributes to the expansion of the general outlook of people, and in particular - to the importance of dental health in the life of each person, as well as the need for careful care for them.