It is difficult to overestimate the benefits of tetanus vaccination. One small injection - and a person can next 10 years not be afraid of infection. Also it is done with any infection through the damaged skin. This can occur after an animal's bite, punctured lesions, or as a result of obtaining extensive lacerations.
Contraindications
But there are situations in which it is not recommended to get tetanus vaccinations. Side effects can be much more serious than the potential for infection.
So, it is worth to be from vaccination in those cases when a person has already been found to be intolerant to one of the components of the vaccine or previously had a reaction to a tetanus vaccination. It can be on formaldehyde, aluminum hydroxide, thiomersal, tetanus toxoid.
Also do not vaccinate people with immunodeficiency, for example, those who have been diagnosed with HIV infection. After all, the introduction of a vaccine is necessary to ensure that a person has developed immunity. And this state does not happen.
Time Limitations
To refuse from vaccination and to transfer it for several weeks it is necessary for acute illnesses or exacerbation of chronic diseases. Even a common cold is a temporary contraindication. Particular attention is paid to patients with liver and kidney problems.
Routine revaccination is not performed during pregnancy. If you need to vaccinate according to vital indications, then the need for it is determined together with the obstetrician-gynecologist. For such a woman, special supervision is established.
In case of exacerbation of neurological conditions, it is also desirable to postpone the date when a tetanus vaccination will be made. Side effects in this case can be expressed more strongly.
Exacerbations of allergic diseases, diathesis are also temporary contraindications. To come on an inoculation it is possible not earlier than in 2 weeks after all signs will pass or take place. If there is an opportunity, it is better to wait even a month. But it should be borne in mind that chronic allergic conditions, expressed as hidden bronchospasm or localized skin rashes, are not a reason for refusing to vaccinate. In parallel, it is necessary to simply carry out appropriate therapy.
Possible reactions
One should be aware of the potential problems that are caused by tetanus vaccination. Side effects after it are revealed not at all, but it is better to be prepared for possible complications.
You also need to know that their appearance indicates that the process of formation of immunity is started. But do not worry, if after vaccination you or the child does not bother. These are simply individual reactions of different organisms to the fact that a tetanus vaccine was made.
Side effects can be as follows:
- often redness, swelling and soreness of the injection site;the cause of this is the effect of a substance intended to enhance the immune response;
- increase in body temperature;
- inhibition or, conversely, increased excitability;
- reactions of the digestive tract: diarrhea, vomiting;
- severe headaches;
- a marked deterioration in appetite.
All these complications are fast enough and do not lead to any serious consequences.
Potential complications of
In most cases, tetanus vaccination does not affect the child or adult in any way. Complications are rare, but you need to know about them.
It is necessary to consult a doctor if there is a significant swelling at the injection site. Anxiety should cause spots more than 8 cm in diameter. The following are serious consequences:
- the appearance of convulsions, not accompanied by a rise in temperature;
- encephalopathy.
The latter condition manifests itself in the form of a disturbance of consciousness and is accompanied by convulsions. As a rule, it is temporary.
If a patient has a history of tetanus vaccination, no more revaccinations are given to him.
Possible side effects of
In addition to the above-mentioned one-time reactions and potential complications that may occur when a vaccine is administered, one must know what else can be expected.
After inoculation in adults and children, allergic reactions may occur, rash, dermatitis and other skin lesions occur. In addition, at the site of the injection, an abscess, lymphadenitis, can begin. There were also cases of tissue necrosis.
In addition, some patients complain of malfunctioning of the cardiovascular system. After the vaccination, arrhythmia, angina pectoris, palpitation, tachycardia may occur. Muscle spasms and polyneuritis are also considered possible side effects.
Some have swelling, arthritis is observed. Some women complain of the start of the menstrual cycle, after he was injected with tetanus. Side effects can be expressed quite strongly. In this case, the question of not conducting repeated revaccination within the established time limits is considered.
Types of vaccines
At present, everyone, having consulted with a specialist in advance, can choose which inoculation to take. The most common is DTP.It is done in a planned manner to all healthy children according to the schedule of vaccination. It is designed for complex protection against pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. There are options for both Russian and foreign production.
But according to the indications, they can also vaccinate against diphtheria and tetanus ADS.It is recommended in cases where the patient can not be administered anti-pertussis component.
For adults and children over 6 years of age can use ADSM.It is a mixture of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, which are excreted by pathogens of infection. Before the introduction, they are processed in a special way.
In case of danger of infection with tetanus do monovaccine AS.
The need for vaccinations
When a vaccine is administered to a person's body, immunity is produced. Vaccination against tetanus to children is included in the planned schedule of immunization and is done starting from 3 months. Therefore, parents who do not refuse vaccination may not worry and do not fear infection.
If contaminated with microorganisms( and this happens with every skin and mucous membrane damage), infection can begin. Microbes, being in a favorable environment for them, begin to actively multiply and release special substances.
The tetanus toxins they produce attack the nervous system and cause painful seizures. As a result, this leads to malfunctioning of the breath, and the patient dies of suffocation.
Modern medicine is able to cure tetanus only in the early stages, at a time when it does not yet manifest itself in any way. In other situations, 9 out of 10 people become dying. A vaccine made on time helps to prevent infection and make it safe to contact a pathogenic microorganism - clostridium.