Instructions for the use of DTP vaccine

DTP is understood as the adsorbed pertussis diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. It is designed to prevent the emergence of children immediately 3 dangerous diseases.

Comprehensive protection of

According to the instructions for use, the indication for DTP vaccine is the prevention of infection with whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. These diseases are severe and can be fatal. They are dangerous not only for children, but also for adults.

Diphtheria is a disease that affects, as a rule, the nervous and cardiovascular systems, kidneys and respiratory tract. The maximum protection against infection gives vaccination, but it does not exclude a small probability of the disease. Nevertheless, people who have been vaccinated against diphtheria, much easier to bear the disease, in contrast to those who do not have immunity to it.

It is a mistake to believe that at present the disease is diagnosed extremely rarely, the danger of infection remains in the modern world. Vaccination is the only way to protect, which adults should not forget, as the vaccine provides protection for only 10 years.

Tetanus is an infectious disease that significantly disrupts the nervous system. The causative agent can penetrate the body even through small damage to the skin. In the process of his life, a toxic toxin is released, which provokes the emergence:

• of spasms of the masticatory muscles, and then convulsions throughout the body;
• increased sensitivity to touch.

As a result, the patient can not breathe normally and eat. In some cases, it falls into a coma, the lethal outcome is also not uncommon.

Injection of tetanus toxoid contained in the DTP vaccine is the only reliable protection against a dangerous disease. It can be made unscheduled for severe damage to the skin, if a person has not previously received it according to the vaccination calendar.

Pertussis is also an infectious disease that affects the respiratory tract. His symptoms are:

• paroxysmal cough;
• runny nose;
• sneezing.

Body temperature does not rise very much. During the cough, the patient's face turns red, the tongue protrudes, there may be a hemorrhage under the mucous membrane of the eye.

The greatest risk of the disease is for children under the age of 2 years. This is due to the fact that they have no pronounced symptoms, except for a small cough, after which there may be a stop of breathing. To protect their child, parents must take responsibility for vaccination.

Contraindications

All healthy children should be vaccinated. Preliminary, they are examined by the attending physician: it measures the body temperature, studies the results of clinical studies( if they were prescribed), determines the general condition of the child, in short, finds out the readiness of the organism to receive the drug.

In the current instructions for the use of DTP vaccine, the following contraindications are prescribed for its administration:

• any diseases in the acute stage;
• pathology of the nervous system;
• immunodeficiency;
• malignancy neoplasms;
• chronic diseases in acute form;
• severe complications resulting from a previous similar injection( allergic shock, seizures, impaired consciousness, Quincke edema, periodic occurrence of a piercing scream for no apparent reason, erythema, body temperature above 39.5 ° C);
• birth weight below the mark of 2.5 kg( such children are vaccinated for the first time in 6 months, provided that physically and mentally they develop normally);
• long-term diseases( hepatitis, meningitis, tuberculosis, etc.);
• any pathology of an allergic nature in severe form.

In the instructions for use of the DTP vaccine, these contraindications are indicated for 3 years, previously the list additionally included:

• birth injuries with or without residual effects;
• rickets II and III stages;
• blood disease;
• hydrocephalus;
• pathology of the kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, heart;
• craniocerebral trauma;
• diabetes mellitus;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• ulcerative colitis;
• postoperative period.

The physician must take into account all contraindications to vaccination, both absolute and relative, upon examination. However, some children who are prohibited from entering DTP can receive a vaccine against tetanus and diphtheria( ie, without a pertussis component).

Vaccination schedule

The national schedule established the following periods of preparation:

• 3 months;
• 4.5 months;
• 6 months;
• revaccination at 1.5 years, then the second - at 7 years, the third - at 14 years.

This plan involves the inoculation of healthy children. If the child has been given a challenge for medical reasons, he will receive the drug later on an individual basis( this is determined by the doctor in each individual case).

Since the 3rd revaccination at 14 years of age, the injection should be administered every 10 years. This information is also contained in the instructions for use of the DTP vaccine.

Rules for the introduction of

The vaccination is carried out exclusively in a stationary environment by specially trained middle medical personnel.

According to the instructions for the use of DTP vaccine, the drug should be administered by the following algorithm:

1. The nurse carefully examines the ampoule. The drug is not used if it is cracked, foreign inclusions are visualized in the contents, there is no label. In addition, she pays attention to compliance with storage conditions and shelf life.
2. The contents of the ampoule are shaken, it is wiped with an alcoholic napkin and opened. After that, it is immediately used.
3. The vaccine is drawn into a disposable syringe with a long needle that has a wide opening. Before the introduction of the drug, it changes to standard.
4. The injection is performed intramuscularly either in the buttock or in the front of the thigh. Before and after administration, the skin at the site of the injection is wiped with an alcoholic napkin.
5. The vaccination is recorded.
6. The doctor watches the child for an hour.

Side effects of

Based on reviews and instructions for use, DTP vaccine is not always well tolerated.

The following conditions are considered normal reactions:

• Redness of the skin in the area of ​​the injection, puffiness, compaction, pain of the same area.
• Increased body temperature( more than 37.5 ° C).
• Stool disorders.
• Drowsiness.
• Decreased appetite.
• Vomiting.
• Tearfulness, irritability.

These conditions pass independently for 2-3 days( no longer than 5 days).

The instructions for the use of DTP vaccine also indicate complications that require immediate contact with a doctor:

• anaphylactic shock;
• urticaria;
• convulsions;
• Quincke edema;
• compaction or redness at the injection site is greater than 8 cm in diameter;
• crying lasts longer than 3 hours;
• high body temperature( above 39 ° C).

These complications are due to the neglect of contraindications or the misuse of the drug, which can also be spoiled.

Form

The instructions for use of the DTP vaccine indicate that it is sold in 0.5 ml ampoules in an amount of 10 pcs. They are placed in contour mesh packages and cardboard packs.

Interaction

In one day with vaccination against pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus, the injection of the drug from poliomyelitis is allowed. DTP can also be administered with other vaccines of the national vaccination calendar( except BCG).

In conclusion

A powerful comprehensive protection is the DTP vaccination. Instruction for use says that it is a preventive tool against 3 dangerous diseases at once. Nevertheless, in order to avoid the occurrence of serious complications, all possible contraindications to vaccination must be considered.