Antibiotics - this is a group of drugs, which you have to face in this or that case, almost every person. Despite the fact that these drugs are considered serious, unfortunately, it is impossible to do without them, in particular, in the treatment of pneumonia. Which antibiotics for pneumonia are used especially often and why they are the most effective means to combat this disease, we will discuss in the article.
What factors influence the choice of a particular medication for pneumonia?
In medicine, pneumonia refers to a group of severe and life-threatening ailments. The causative agents of this disease can be both viruses and fungi. But most often at the heart of the disease is infection with bacteria - pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci, etc. The lung site at the same time stops functioning normally, causing many severe consequences for the body.
Not so long ago, the main antibiotics for fighting inflammation of the lungs were easy to determine, since this ailment was treated only with penicillin drugs. But, as it turned out, bacteria are able to develop resistance to drugs. Now these antibiotics may not be so effective, researchers had to develop new drugs. Nowadays, a huge number of them appeared, which is good, and at the same time it is difficult for the doctor, since now he has to take into account a lot of factors in order to find an adequate treatment.
Which antibiotics for pneumonia will be prescribed now depends on many factors: it takes into account not only the form of the disease, but also its causes, the susceptibility of the organism to this drug, and also what drugs of this group have already been used by the patient before.
How is the treatment prescribed for pneumonia?
In order to make the diagnosis as accurate as possible, the type of bacteria that provoked the disease is determined by the sputum composition of the patient. In the analysis of the analysis, as a rule, the pharmacological group is indicated, and among its preparations the doctor selects the one that has the least contraindications and side effects. This is mainly about the following groups of antibiotics:
- cephalosporins( Aksetin, Supraks, Cefixim, Zinat, etc.);
- fluoroquinolones( "Levofloxacin", "Avelox", "Moximak", "Moxifloxacin", etc.);
- macrolides( "Azithromycin", "Chemomycetin", "Sumamed", etc.),
- group of tetracyclines( Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline hydrochloride, etc.).
Each of them contains active substances that allow the specialist to choose the most precisely what to treat pneumonia. Antibiotics are selected on the basis of a specific case, and in order to expand the scope of drugs, it is often necessary to designate funds from two groups at once.
The use of antibiotics depending on the causative agent of
It is not so difficult to guess that each of the listed series best copes with certain types of pathogens of pneumonia. Thus, macrolides act best on the activity of pneumococci, which provoked pneumonia. Treatment with antibiotics from the group of fluoroquinolones in this case is ineffective, and to the preparations of the tetracycline series, these microorganisms are practically insensitive.
For the hemophilic rod, the most active drugs are fluoroquinolones, and if the disease is caused by enterobacteria - drugs from the group of third generation cephalosporins. In the treatment of mycoplasmal or chlamydial pneumonia, as a rule, macrolides and antibiotics from the tetracycline group are chosen.
Which antibiotics are used most often
Of course, in medical practice, there are antibiotics, with pneumonia the doctors are most popular. So, if the patient has not reached the age of 60, he does not have diabetes or pathologies of the cardiovascular system, then for the treatment of segmental or focal pneumonia, experts prefer well-proven drugs "Avelox" and "Tavanik"( which, incidentally, is preferable to hischeaper analogue "Loksof" or "Levofloxacin").If they are taken in combination with the tablets "Amoxiclav" or "Augmentin", then a positive effect can be achieved within two weeks after the beginning of the reception.
If the patient's condition does not improve and the temperature does not drop even on the fourth day, then other antibiotics should be selected against pneumonia. As a rule, in such cases, drugs "Azitro-Sandoz" or "Sumamed" instead of "Augmentin" are prescribed.
A good combination is also the use of "Sumamed" tablets( 1 tablets 1 time per day) in combination with intramuscular or intravenous injections of Fortum( 2 mg 2 times a day).
Popular injections: antibiotics for pneumonia
The course of antibiotic injection for pneumonia usually takes seven to ten days. But in no case this treatment can not be carried out independently, without the appointment and supervision of a doctor, or to interrupt the prescribed course, having decided that the state of health has already improved. All this in the end will provoke the resistance of the surviving bacteria to the drugs, and the untreated or returned pathology will be more complicated, and it will be worse to treat.
The most commonly used injections are the following antibiotics for pneumonia:
- "Ceftriaxone"( it is injected every 12 hours, diluted previously in a solution of novocaine).
- "Amoxicillin" in combination with the preparation "Sulbaktam"( 3 rubles a day).
- "Azithromycin" is administered intravenously. This is done slowly, drip, because this drug can not be injected intramuscularly.
By the way, it should be noted that with the appointment of antibiotics there are several features. So, the conclusion that you need to replace this drug, you can do it only 2-3 days after the start of treatment. The reason for this decision may be the risk of serious side effects or excessive toxicity of any antibiotic that will not allow them to take them for a long time.
Basic rules for injection from pneumonia
Effective antibiotics for pneumonia can only be picked up by a doctor. But if the patient is shown out-patient treatment, then someone will have to inject him. In this case, in order not to cause unnecessary complications, several rules should be observed.
- Remember that the course of antibiotic treatment for pneumonia can not be less than 10 days.
- When prescribing injectable preparations that are available in the form of powders, remember: they can only be diluted immediately before the procedure. Do not do this in advance!
- To dilute antibiotics use saline, novocaine, lidocaine or water for injection. They are taken in the standard proportion: 1 g of the drug - 1 ml of liquid.
- Before the first injection, make a skin test. To do this, scratch with a sterile disposable needle from the syringe skin and apply a few drops of the prescribed remedy on the wound. If after 15 minutes she did not blush and began to itch, then there is no allergy to this medicine. Otherwise, it must be replaced.
- If after the injections there is a painful infiltration - it is applied to the iodine grid to accelerate the resorption.
Which antibiotics are referred to as standby
In case of severe pneumonia, the patient is assigned the so-called reserve drugs. That is, potent antibiotics, which are "left" by doctors for an extreme case( all this is done because of the easily developed resistance of bacteria to drugs).
Therefore, it is worth remembering their name. Antibiotics for pneumonia with severe course are "Ceftazidime", "Timentine", "Sparfloxacin", "Tientam", "Grimipenem".They are not prescribed in the case of mild or moderate severity of the disease, because no one is immune to future surgical interventions and similar health problems, when their application will be especially necessary.
Which antibiotics should not be used
In view of the previously mentioned high resistance to drugs of microorganisms that caused pneumonia, treatment with antibiotics listed below will not give the desired effect. Such drugs include:
- simple penicillins( "Bicellin", "Ampicillin", "Oxacillin", etc.),
- cephalosporins of the first and second generation( "Cefazolin", "Cephalexin", "Cefamizin"),
- fluoroquinolones of the firstand the second generation( Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, and Ciprofloxacin).
Do not prescribe antibacterial therapy!
Finally, I want to emphasize that self-administering antibiotics is very dangerous, but not only because they can cause serious side effects.
Regardless of what antibiotics are treated for inflammation of the lungs, microorganisms very quickly develop drug resistance to them. So, every new case, which will have to take these drugs, threatens that the expected action will not happen. This, of course, will prolong the course of the disease and cause various difficulties. Therefore, in order not to put yourself in the future in a difficult situation, do not engage in self-medication. And be healthy!